Question

1. Describe the effects of post-translational modifications to specific amino acids on the 3D structure of a protein. Consider the following modifications: phosphorylation at Ser or Thr residues, glycosylation, acetylation of Lys residues, oxidation of sulfhydryl groups, hydroxylation, and proteolysis. Do you know of any other types of chemical modifications on proteins? If so, what are they and how do they modify proteins?

2. Why does virtually every protein contain “unstructured” loops?