Question

Steps for Koch's postulate:

1. Association of the putative

causative agent with the

lesions of the disease

2. Isolation of the agent in pure

culture

3. Demonstration of the disease

upon introduction of the pure

culture of the agent into the

host

4. Re-isolation of the agent from

the infected or diseased host

Limitations:

Colonization with no

symptoms

• Non-culturable bacterias

• No disease models;

disease too serious to use

in human volunteers

Given the steps to Koch's postulate and the limitiations provided below it, how does antimicrobial drugs overcome these limitations?