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DNA replication is an energy-expensive process. Approximately how expensive it is can be estimated using only the high-energy bonds. Approximately how many high-energy bonds are consumed (i.e. broken) to replicate the E. coli chromosome? The E. coli genome is approximately 4.6x106 bp long.

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Reid Wolff
Reid WolffLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Related questions

A) Why does a restriction digest of E.coli DNA give a smear, whereas a restriction digest of lambda DNA yields many smaller bands when after running gel electrophoresis?

B) The genome of E. Coli is approximately 5 x 10^6 bp. How many bands would you expect to see in an EcoR I or Hind III digest of E. coli DNA?

I am thinking I need to use the formula V=4/3 3.14 r^3 so r=2.5 cause d=5 so (4/3)(3.14)(15.625)= 65.42 um^3 to convert to L 65.42 x 1x10^-15 = 6.54x10^-14L. for part A

Part B i know to do the same think for volume and divide the two than times it by 100 to get a percent but i am uncertain on how to find the length

Part C dont know where to start.

The nucleus of a typical human cell is roughly spherical with a diameter of about 5 μm. The nucleus contains, among other things, the DNA making up the genome, which for humans consists of 46 chromosomes containing a total of about 3×109 basepairs (bp). The DNA molecules are roughly cylindrical (but flexible) with a diameter of approximately 2 nm and a length of 0.34 nm per base pair.

(a) What is the volume of a typical nucleus? Express your answer in both μm3 and liters.

(b) What is the total length of the DNA making up the human genome? What volume

does the DNA occupy? What fraction of the cell nucleus is occupied by DNA?

(c) An E. coli bacterium is roughly a cylinder 1μm in diameter and 2μm long. Its genome contains approximately 5×106 bp of DNA. What is the volume occupied by the E. coli genome? What fraction of the cell volume does the DNA occupy?

1) This question is a modification of Question 2.3, page 134, in a textbook Introduction to Bioinformatics by Arthur Lesk.

It is estimated that the human immune system can produce 1015 antibodies. Would it be feasible for such a large number of proteins each to be encoded entirely by a separate gene, with the diversity arising from gene duplication and divergence? A typical gene for an immune system biomolecule is ~2000 bp long. Show calculations to justify your answer.

To answer the question above you will need to find the size of the human genome. Do this using the databases at either NCBI or Ensembl. Use your chosen database's most recent reference assembly for the human genome. Give the size, and the URL (at either NCBI, Ensembl, or EBI) at which you found the size.

2) This is a modification of Question 2.1, page 132, in a textbook by Arthur Lesk.

According to the NCBI database, the size of the E. coli strain K12 substrain MG1655 reference genome is 4,641,652 bp. The overall base composition of the genome is A/T=49.2%, G/C=50.8%. In a random sequence of 4,641,652 nucleotides with these properties, what is the expected number of occurrences of the sequence CTAG? I.e. how many times would we expect to see the sequence CTAG in the E. coli genome due to random chance alone? Give your answer to the nearest integer.

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