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In the mythical beast Bigfootus flatnosus, horn lengthis an example of continuous variation, under polygenic control.Horns could be = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 or 17 centimeters long.How many different genotypes code for horns that are 3 centimeterslong?

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Irving Heathcote
Irving HeathcoteLv2
29 Sep 2019

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The genetic code in our world is a triplet code using combinations of four letters (A,U,G,C). All code words (codons) are the same size, three bases long. Proteins in our world are build using combinations of 20 different subunits (amino acids). In class, we argied tjat imder the conditions in our world (only four differebt letters in mRNA to code for 20 different amino acids in proteins) a triplet code is the smallest possible code that could be sued. A) list the other properties of our genetic code. C) what do we mean by the term degenerate code? Cam a doutblet code also be a degenerate code? (If yes, under what circumstances? If no, why not?) D) Does degeneracy in its genetic code represent 1) an advantage; 2) a disadvantage or 3) both and advantage and a disadvantage or 4) neither an advantage nor a disadvantage to an organism?

Biology lab homework

Dragon Genes

http://www.concord.org/stem-resources/modern-genetics

BLY 121L - Take HomeAssignment

Due: Start of class time –At thestart of class next week

Answers MUST be…

• typed (no smaller than 11-pointfont)
• complete sentences (i.e., grammaticallycorrect – AND spell check!)
• THIS IS NOT AGROUP EFFORT – NO POINTS WILL BE AWARDED, IF YOUR PAPER ISSIMILAR IN CONTENT AND WORDING TO THAT OF YOURPEER’S.

Complete ALL4 modules:

1. Intro& Rules

2. Meiosis

3. Pedigree andGenes

4. The PlatesProblem

Complete and answer all of the questions fromeach module.

Introduction

Breed dragons to yield several offspring anddevelop a chart for all of the phenotypic characteristics youobserve.

• Note the genotype and dominant/recessivecondition for each trait.
• When you reach this section of theexercise, be sure to change the genotype for all traits to completethe chart.

Whatare the traits exhibited by yourdragons?

**YOUMUST TURN IN YOURCOMPLETED CHART AND IT MUST BE LEGIBLE!

Rules

Dominance and Recessive Traits

What isthe chromosome number(“n”) for thedragons?

Which trait(s)exhibit incompletedominance?

What does it mean fora trait to be incompletely dominant?

Noallelic combination is described as being heterozygousrecessive. Why do you thinkthis is thecase?

Some Traits are Sex-linked

Which dragontrait(s)is/are sex-linked?

How dosex-linked traits differ from autosomal traits?

Color and Lethal Combinations

Describehow the inheritance ofcolor is different from that of horns and/orwings.

On whichchromosome is the lethal combination exhibited? What is the lethalcombination?

Meiosis

What is the phenotypeof your new dragon?

Whichtraits areinherited from the mother dragon? AND Which traits are inherited from the father dragon?

Wereany traits expressed by the offspring that differed from either or both of the parents? If so, whatwere they?

How does meiosisallow for variation inoffspring?

How doesfertilization allow for variation in offspring?

Pedigree and Genes

Now that you know how to breed dragons, let'stry some selective breeding in the pedigree view. Use the cross tool tobreed a new generation of dragons; breed two of thedragons from this new (F1) generation. Repeat thisat least8 times.

What do younotice about the dragons as you continue to breed more generations?

Use the chromosome tool to closelyexaminethe dragons’ genes. If you had trouble answering the sex-linkedquestion above, now you can observe and compare the Xand Y chromosomes…

Can you find any genesthat are different among the members of your F8generation?

How many generationsdo you have to breed until all the dragons are exactly thesame?

You arecreating an inbred strain of dragons in the final generation(s)of this process. Write a notedescribing your strain, and explain what is “special” aboutall individuals in an inbred strain of organisms.

The Plates Problem

Try breedingsome offspring to see resultsof these crosses. Does thepattern of inheritance ofplates tell you anything useful?

Based on yourbreeding experiments, where might you expectto find the gene forplates (i.e., On whichchromosome might the gene be located?) Why do you think this iscorrect?

Dragons thatgrow plates usually do so quite late in their life, so dragons thathave a new baby don't know right away whether or not it will growplates. Which trait(s)exhibited by a baby might helpa mother dragon determine whether her baby will growup to have plates?

DragonGenes

Genotypes/Phenotypes

Trait

Phenotype

Genotype

Horns

Horns

No Horns

Wings

Wings

No Wings

Legs

4 Legs

2 Legs

No Legs

Tails

Fancy Tail

Plain Tail

Fire-breathing

Fire-breathing Male

Non-fire-breathing Male

Fire-breathing Female

Non-fire-breathingFemale

Color

Green Male

Yellow Male

Red Female

Blue Female

Brown Female

Purple Female

The following is a code for a strand ofDNA

DNA 3'

A

T

A

T

T

T

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

mRNA

C

G

U

U

G

A

tRNA

U

G

G

Amino Acid (Met __________________ _________________________________ _________________

a. Using the genetic code provided, fill in the blanks tocomplete the segment of DNA shown.

b. Fill in the blanks to complete the sequence of amino acidscoded for by this strand of DNA.

c. Write the code for the complementary strand of DNA completedin part (a).

d. What would be the effect if C were substituted for T at base10?

e. What would be the effect if A were substituted for G at base11?

f. What would be the effect if G were substituted for T at base14?

g. What would be the effect if C were inserted between bases 9and 10?

h. How would UV radiation affect this strand of DNA?

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