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14 Apr 2018

1.What is 'chronic inflammatory cancer', and what are 2 cancers that would be classified this way?

2.Describe one specific piece of experimental evidence that supports a link between IL-6 and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Jean Keeling
Jean KeelingLv2
17 Apr 2018

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Related questions

Abstract 1

Breast cancer-associated metastasis is significantly increased ina
model of autoimmune arthritis

Lopamudra Das Roy,1,2 Latha B Pathangey,1 Teresa L Tinder,1,2 JorgeL Schettini,1,2 Helen E Gruber,3 and Pinku Mukherjee1,2

Breast Cancer Res. 2009; 11(4): R56.

Introduction

Sites of chronic inflammation are often associated with theestablishment and growth of various malignancies including breastcancer. A common inflammatory condition in humans is autoimmunearthritis (AA) that causes inflammation and deformity of thejoints. Other systemic effects associated with arthritis includeincreased cellular infiltration and inflammation of the lungs.Several studies have reported statistically significant risk ratiosbetween AA and breast cancer. Despite this knowledge, available fora decade, it has never been questioned if the site of chronicinflammation linked to AA creates a milieu that attracts tumorcells to home and grow in the inflamed bones and lungs which arefrequent sites of breast cancer metastasis.

Methods

To determine if chronic inflammation induced by autoimmunearthritis contributes to increased breast cancer-associatedmetastasis, we generated mammary gland tumors in SKG mice that weregenetically prone to develop AA. Two breast cancer cell lines, onehighly metastatic (4T1) and the other non-metastatic (TUBO) wereused to generate the tumors in the mammary fat pad. Lung and bonemetastasis and the associated inflammatory milieu were evaluated inthe arthritic versus the non-arthritic mice.


Results

We report a three-fold increase in lung metastasis and asignificant increase in the incidence of bone metastasis in thepro-arthritic and arthritic mice compared to non-arthritic controlmice. We also report that the metastatic breast cancer cellsaugment the severity of arthritis resulting in a vicious cycle thatincreases both bone destruction and metastasis. Enhancedneutrophilic and granulocytic infiltration in lungs and bone of thepro-arthritic and arthritic mice and subsequent increase incirculating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as macrophagecolony stimulating factor (M-CSF), interleukin-17 (IL-17),interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) may contribute to theincreased metastasis. Treatment with anti-IL17 + celecoxib, ananti-inflammatory drug completely abrogated the development ofmetastasis and significantly reduced the primary tumorburden.


Conclusions

The data clearly has important clinical implications for patientsdiagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, especially with regards tothe prognosis and treatment options.


Abstract 1 Evaluation: Trace the use of the scientific method thatwas used in this study- include a statement of the hypothesis andan analysis of their experimental design. You do not need to knowwhat the specific molecules called “cytokines” are – just realizethat when they are made in a tissue they increase the level ofinflammation.

Your assignment will be to pick one cancer and discuss each of the following: Introduction to cancers. Describe to the audience the characteristics of a cancer cell. Indicate which cancer is the focus of your presentation. Identify which tissues and/or organs in the human body are affected by this cancer. The incidence rate of this type of cancer. Typical age of onset for this type of cancer. Explain the risk factors and/or causes of this cancer. How this cancer is detected and diagnosed. Pictures and/or illustrations of cancer cells. The risk of metastasis for this cancer. How this cancer is treated including the long-term prognosis. What are the survival rates? Measures that people may take to prevent this cancer both medical and holistic. Reference page including citations in standard APA format.

There is a list of numerous types of cancers. Choose one from the list (or one of your own from another site).

Research the particular type of cancer you chose being sure to address the following questions: Which part of the body is affected? What are some warning signs? Are there any treatments? Approximately how many people are affected with this type of cancer? Are certain people more at risk than others? Is it more prevalent in certain areas of the world?

In addition, what are your thoughts about cancer in general? Does it seem that there are more cases of it in today's society? If so, why might this be the case? Do you think human-made or natural compounds are more responsible for causing cancers? Do you have any personal experience of knowing someone with cancer? Would you like to share your personal experiences with cancer?

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