how are the migration of salmon, lamprey, sea turtles, and gray whales significance to the natural history of each organism

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Sixta KovacekLv2

30 Sep 2018

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Salmon eggs hatch in fresh water. The fish then migrate to the ocean (a hypertonic solution) and, after several years of feeding and growing, return to fresh water to breed. How can these organisms make the transition from fresh water to ocean water and back to fresh water?

		Salmon in fresh water excrete concentrated urine, and salmon in salt water secrete dilute urine.
		The rectal gland functions in the ocean water, and chloride cells function in fresh water.
		The salt transport mechanisms of the gill epithelia change during migration.
		Their metabolism changes in salt water to degrade electrolytes.

The gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is a species common ineastern North America. Most individual squirrels of the species areindeed gray, but in northern populations there are a number ofsquirrels that are all black. When the pioneers settled northernWisconsin, a large proportion of the species population were black.By the early 1900s, due to hunting, the gray squirrel populationwas very low and black gray squirrels were extremely rare, probablyunder 1% of the population. Hunting regulations were passed thatlimited the shooting of gray squirrels. The gray squirrelpopulation recovered and the percentage of black gray squirrels hasagain increased in northern populations. (About 30% black in mynorthern Wisconsin squirrel research.)

Briefly try to explain this increase in percentage of black graysquirrels in terms of natural selection. Include in your answerthese components of natural selection - overproduction, variation,competition & survival, differential reproduction.