1. Fill in the words or phrases that best complete each sentence. Be as specific as possible.
a. Erythrocytes contain the enzyme -------- , which catalyzes the conversion of metabolically produced CO2 and water into --------- .
b. Most old erythrocytes are removed from circulation and destroyed by cells called ------------- , as they rupture passing through the narrow capillaries of the organ called the --------- .
c. Undifferentiated cells called------------ reside in the bone marrow, where they continuously divide and-------------- to give rise to each of the types of blood cells.
d. The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary ----------- to exit the vasculature is known as ----------- . Once they leave the bloodstream to fight a pathological condition, they never return.
e. The genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte are called-------------- , and a person with agglutinins that react with type A and blood type B has type------------- blood.
f. During embryonic development, ninety-nine percent of the cardiac fibers are specialized for the function called----------- , whereas the remainder is specialized for-------------- .
g. The action potential delay at the-------------------- ensures that atrial excitation and contraction are complete before------------------ excitation and contraction commence.
h. The--------------------- is the volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed. An increase of this volume occurs when the stroke volume is .
i. The three cations, K+, Ca2+, and Na+ have an important effect of heart function. Increased blood levels of Na+ blocks----------------- inflow and results in a decrease in the force of contraction, while an excess of---------------- blocks the generation of action potentials.
j. An increase in parasympathetic activity ---------------- has the following effect on stroke volume: ---------------- . An increase in parasympathetic activity --------------- atrial contractility.
1. Fill in the words or phrases that best complete each sentence. Be as specific as possible.
a. Erythrocytes contain the enzyme -------- , which catalyzes the conversion of metabolically produced CO2 and water into --------- .
b. Most old erythrocytes are removed from circulation and destroyed by cells called ------------- , as they rupture passing through the narrow capillaries of the organ called the --------- .
c. Undifferentiated cells called------------ reside in the bone marrow, where they continuously divide and-------------- to give rise to each of the types of blood cells.
d. The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary ----------- to exit the vasculature is known as ----------- . Once they leave the bloodstream to fight a pathological condition, they never return.
e. The genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte are called-------------- , and a person with agglutinins that react with type A and blood type B has type------------- blood.
f. During embryonic development, ninety-nine percent of the cardiac fibers are specialized for the function called----------- , whereas the remainder is specialized for-------------- .
g. The action potential delay at the-------------------- ensures that atrial excitation and contraction are complete before------------------ excitation and contraction commence.
h. The--------------------- is the volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed. An increase of this volume occurs when the stroke volume is .
i. The three cations, K+, Ca2+, and Na+ have an important effect of heart function. Increased blood levels of Na+ blocks----------------- inflow and results in a decrease in the force of contraction, while an excess of---------------- blocks the generation of action potentials.
j. An increase in parasympathetic activity ---------------- has the following effect on stroke volume: ---------------- . An increase in parasympathetic activity --------------- atrial contractility.
