Question

If you accidentally grab a very hot frying pan with your right hand, _______ will _______ action potential frequency.

α motor neurons innervating the left elbow extensors; decrease

afferent neurons from the Golgi tendon organ in the right elbow extensors; increase

α motor neurons innervating the right elbow flexors; increase

afferent neurons from the intrafusal fibers of the right elbow flexors; increase

A 52-year-old woman has difficulty initiating voluntary movements. She can clearly state what she intends to do, describe exactly how she would do it, and picture herself doing it easily. When she is able to begin the motion, she can complete it smoothly and accurately, but she has difficulty beginning the motion. If the difficulty arises from a defect in one particular area of the nervous system, which area is most likely to be involved?

Spinal motor neurons

Spinocerebellum

Basal ganglia

Association cortex

Invertebrates have often been used in motor control studies because

motor control pathways in invertebrates are all reflex pathways and therefore are simpler than pathways in vertebrates.

often only a few neurons are involved in a particular step in an invertebrate motor control pathway.

individual neurons are simpler in invertebrates than in vertebrates, and therefore motor control pathways are also simpler.

invertebrates have many more motor neurons in a single pathway compared to vertebrates.

Please explain why!!