Question

1. Carriers of the sickle-cell allele (i.e. those with a heterozygous genotype) are fittest in environments with high frequencies of:

	A.	Tuberculosis
	B.	Cholera
	C.	Malaria
	D.	various bacterial infections
	E.	HIV/AIDS
	F.	Syphillis
	G.	Small pox

2. Light skin is an evolutionary adaptation that evolved in our human ancestors who lived:

	A.	along equatorial regions with direct sunlight, and it protected the body against too much sun exposure and overproduction of Vitamin D
	B.	in swamp habitats with extreme humidity, and it protected the body against overheating
	C.	in northern latitudes, and it allowed the body to absorb enough sunlight to manufacture adequate amounts of Vitamin D
	D.	in icy conditions and protected the body from developing frost bite
	E.	along wooded riparian (river) habitats and allowed the body to absorb enough sunlight in a shaded environment

3. Early on in human evolution, natural selection favored dark skin closest to the equator, where sunlight and exposure to UV light is most intense.

True
False

4.

Which one of the following traits evolved first in the hominins?

	A.	expanded cranial capacity
	B.	reduced facial prognathism
	C.	bipedal locomotion
	D.	none of the above is correct, because all of these features evolved at the same time

5.

Scientists think the last common ancestor of African apes and humans was most likely a fully bipedal ape.

True
False

6.

Which of the following has been proposed as a possible explanation for the evolution of bipedalism?

	A.	standing to collect handfuls of grass seeds
	B.	energy efficiency
	C.	greater ability to scan the environment for potential danger or predators
	D.	all of the above
	E.	both B and C are correct