What are the relative signal intensities for Grey and White matter using the T1 and T2 values given below, if TR is 300 ms and TE = 15 ms.
Gray matter: T1 = 520(msec) and T2 = 95
White matter: T1 = 380(msec) and T2 = 85
What are the relative signal intensities for Grey and White matter using the T1 and T2 values given below, if TR is 300 ms and TE = 15 ms.
Gray matter: T1 = 520(msec) and T2 = 95
White matter: T1 = 380(msec) and T2 = 85
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Question 1
What would be the dimensions of a Punnett square for the cross Hh x hh?
4 x 4 | ||
2 x 2 | ||
2 x 1 | ||
1 x 1 |
Question 2
In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the phenotypes and genotypes possible in their puppies by using a Punnett Square. (provide answers on one line with commas between - xx, xx, xx, xx)
Genotypes: , ,
Phenotypes: ,
Question 3
The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of alleles located at the same spot on the chromosome would be called ___.
segregation | ||
independent assortment | ||
continuous variation | ||
discontinuous variation |
Question 4
Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants.
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Question 5
In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog has black fur and the male dog is homozygous dominant. Make a Punnett square to determine the chance of getting each genotype and phenotype below.
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Question 6
Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds in pea plants.
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Question 7
Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Hairy knuckles are dominant to non-hairy knuckles in humans.
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Question 8
An allele is ___.
one of the bases in DNA | ||
an alternate form of a gene | ||
another term for epistasis | ||
present only in males and is responsible for sex determination |
Question 9
In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent (Rr x RR), what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring?
Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominant | ||
Half round, half wrinkled | ||
All heterozygous | ||
All round |
Question 10
What would be the dimensions of a Punnett Square depicting a dihybrid cross?
1 x 4 | ||
2 x 4 | ||
4 x 4 | ||
2 x 2 |
Please show detailed work. Thanks in advance.
16. Syntenic genes can assort independently when
A) they are very close together on a chromosome.
B) they are located on different chromosomes.
C) crossing over occurs rarely between the genes.
D) they are far apart on a chromosome and crossing over occurs frequently between the genes.
E) they are far apart on a chromosome and crossing over occurs very rarely between the genes.
17. The alleles of linked genes tend to
A) segregate together more often than expected by random assortment
B) assort independently.
C) be mutated more often than unlinked genes.
D) experience a higher rate of crossing over.
E) assort independently and show a higher rate of crossing over.
18. If you know that the frequency of recombination between genes X and Y is 34% and between X and Z is 25%, can you predict the order of the three genes?
A) Yes; the order is X-Z-Y.
B) Yes; the order is X-Y-Z.
C) Yes; the order is Z-X-Y.
D) No; based on this data alone, the order could be Z-Y-X or X-Y-Z.
E) No; based on this data alone, the order could be X-Z-Y or Z-X-Y.
Question 19 - 20. You have performed the following dihybrid cross in Drosophila using the black body color (b) and vestigial wing (vg) mutations. The b+ (grey body) and vg+ (normal wing) are dominant wild type alleles. These genes are autosomal.
Female Ć¢ĀĀ b+ vg+/b vg ĆĀ male Ć¢ĀĀ b vg/b vg
Progeny:
Phenotype # of Progeny
Grey body normal wing 965
Black body vestigial wing 944
Grey body vestigial wing 208
Black body normal wing 195
19. Assuming linkage between black and vestigial, the estimated recombination frequency would be:
0.17
0.09
0.82
1.00
0.50
20. What key test could you use to determine whether the observed offspring frequencies deviate from those expected by chance alone?
A) Pascal's triangle
B) The product rule
C) The Chi-square (ĆĀ2) test
D) The law of random assortment
E) The sum rule
21. In a genome wide association study (GWAS) designed to map the gene(s) that control height you divide subjects into a group of 1000 who are all more than seven feet tall and a control group of 1000 people of average height. You find the following associations between two genetic markers and the height trait:
Tall group | Control group | ||
Marker 1 | Allele A | 20% | 50% |
Allele T | 80% | 50% | |
Marker 2 | Allele G | 15% | 15% |
Allele C | 85% | 85% |
What is your best guess for which marker is more closely linked to a gene that influences height?
A) Marker 1
B) Marker 2
22. Two pure breeding parents produce red and white flowers. They are crossed and the F1 produces pink flowers. When the F1 are selfed to produce the F2, nine distinct classes of pigmentation are present among F2 individuals. What is your best guess of the minimum number of genes that underlie flower pigmentation in this species?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
23. In a quantitative genetic experiment you identify two genes that confer bands of color on the back of a fly. At each gene, a dominant allele causes one band of color. If flies that are heterozygous at both loci are crossed, what ratio of offspring do you expect in each phenotype (i.e., number of color bands) class? (answer options are given from lowest to highest band number)
A) 1:1:1:1:1
B) 1:2:2:2:1
C) 1:4:6:4:1
D) 4:4:4:4:4