1/ Provide an example from everyuday life of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment , and negative punishment.
1/ Provide an example from everyuday life of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment , and negative punishment.
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QUESTION 1
A 5-year-old observes his father yelling at his older brother after he dropped and broke his dinner plate while removing it from the table. Thereafter, due to __________, the 5-year-old is very cautious when removing his own plate.
| a. | vicarious conditioning | |
| b. | classical conditioning | |
| c. | generalization | |
| d. | extinction |
QUESTION 2
A child has learned to avoid his father in the morning because his father is always grouchy at that time. Generally, being able to learn what stimuli predict pleasure or pain is consistent with Pavlov's belief that
| a. | some types of learning are more important than others. | |
| b. | conditioning is how we adapt to our environments. | |
| c. | conditioning is how we modify our environments. | |
| d. | behavior is modified by others. |
QUESTION 3
A sudden puff of air in his left eye caused Bill to blink. In terms of classical conditioning, the air puff was a ______________ and the blink was a ______________.
| a. | CR; CS | |
| b. | CS; CR | |
| c. | US; UR | |
| d. | UR; US |
QUESTION 4
After a large balloon burst loudly and suddenly at her birthday party, Cindy showed a fear of balloons. In terms of the acquisition phase of classical conditioning, the balloon is the __________ and her fear is the __________.
| a. | CS; US | |
| b. | US; UR | |
| c. | CS; CR | |
| d. | CR; CS |
QUESTION 5
After getting a bad sunburn, before heading out for a day at the beach, Stanley slathers on sunscreen to avoid getting sunburned. In this case, Stanley's habit of using sunscreen has likely been acquired by way of
| a. | negative reinforcement. | |
| b. | positive reinforcement. | |
| c. | punishment. | |
| d. | vicarious conditioning. |
1 points
QUESTION 6
After she gets a speeding ticket, Susan's parents take her driver's license away for a month. This is an example of
| a. | negative punishment. | |
| b. | modeling. | |
| c. | negative reinforcement. | |
| d. | extinction. |
QUESTION 7
After struggling with a complex math problem, Stacey takes a short break. While making herself a cup of tea, she suddenly comes up with a solution. "Aha!" moments such as this are a form of __________ learning that occurs in the apparent absence of reinforcement.
| a. | insight | |
| b. | non-associative | |
| c. | associative | |
| d. | observational |
QUESTION 8
Alphonse watches the way his brother shovels the driveway in order to clear a spot for their grandmotherâs car. Alphonse then goes outside, takes another shovel, and starts shoveling the snow off of the walkway from the driveway to the front door. Alphonse uses the same technique as his brother. This demonstrates learning through
| a. | modeling. | |
| b. | classical conditioning. | |
| c. | vicarious reinforcement. | |
| d. | shaping. |
QUESTION 9
Dave observed that after returning from the vet, whenever he took his dog, Smooches, near his car, she began to shake and whine. Which of the following types of learned response was Smooches exhibiting?
| a. | vicarious conditioning | |
| b. | operant conditioning | |
| c. | long-term potentiation | |
| d. | classical conditioning |
QUESTION 10
David is taking a class about learning and motivation and he has to work in the laboratory two times a week teaching a rat to press a bar. The cage that he uses allows David to control the reinforcement and punishment that the rat receives. The name for this device used for investigating learning in animals is called a
| a. | Pavlov terrarium. | |
| b. | Thorndike aquarium. | |
| c. | Watson chamber. | |
| d. | Skinner box. |
