In self-incompatible plants, how will offspring S-genotype frequencies differ from H-W expectations? What aspect of S-allele frequencies would you expect to be most predictable in natural populations?

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Bunny GreenfelderLv2

30 Nov 2018

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Related questions

1)If you are studying how gene sequences among closely-related species evolved, what type of sampling design would you use? Explain why.

2)If you are studying how population allele frequencies and genotype frequencies were shaped by evolutionary forces, what type of sampling design would you use? Explain why.

3)If you are studying how allele frequencies or genotype frequencies within groups in a population differ, or trying to reconstruct family relationships, what type of sampling design would you use? Explain why.

Q1. What are alleles?Different forms of the same gene.Different genes.The different characteristics of an organism.Genes found only in humans.Q2. If you add up the frequency of homozygotes + the frequency of heterozygotes for one gene (i.e. at one locus) in a population, what number do you get?Q3. People who are heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele:Are susceptible to malaria but not sickle-cell anemia.Are susceptible to sickle-cell anemia but not malaria.Are not susceptible to either sickle-cell anemia or malaria.Are susceptible to both sickle-cecell anemia and malaria.Q4. In the case study in this lab, which genotype is represented by "2pq" in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?Homozygous HbAHomozygous HbSHeterozygous HbA/HbSNo specific genotypeQ5. Suppose that, in an isolated village, the proportion of individuals that have sickle-cell anemia is 0.1 (or 1 of every 10 people). What proportion of the population should be sickle-cell carriers, according to Hardy-Weinberg expectations?Q6. When you simulated the elimination of malaria at the beginning of the lab, once the allele frequencies stabilized, what was the frequency of the HbA allele?Q7. When you investigated regional differences, what was the frequency (over many generations) of the HbS allele in the village in the "slightly wet" part of Africa?Q8. What is the number of deaths due to sickle-cell anemia in a region without mosquitoes expected to be?Very lowVery highModerateRelated to the frequency of malaria allelesQ9. As long as there are multiple alleles of a gene in a population, why will the frequencies of the alleles always change over time?Because natural selection changes all allele frequencies in populations over time.Because genetic drift causes random fluctuations of allele frequencies in populations.Because diseases will eliminate some of the alleles, generating fluctuations in their frequencies.Because allele frequencies fluctuate before the alleles eventually become fixed.Q10. Imagine a huge population with a gene that has ten functionally equivalent, neutral alleles. A small but genetically representative group of individuals from the big population is transported to an island, forming a small population. Which of the statements below best describes what will likely happen over time, and why?Because natural selection doesn't act on neutral alleles, the frequencies in the two populations should remain the same over time.Genetic drift will cause one allele to first become fixed in the island population, and later to become fixed in the original, large population.Genetic drift will result in the allele frequencies of the two populations diverging over time, with alleles being lost sooner in the island population.The allele frequencies of the two populations will change similarly due to a combination of genetic drift natural selection.

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For 15 years, beginning in the early 1970âs, Norway rat populations were controlled throughout the United States and England using the rodenticide warfarin. However, resistance quickly developed and was linked to the dominant allele designated R. Unexposed populations carried predominately the susceptible allele (S). In rural England the genotypic frequencies (RR, RS and SS ) in unexposed rat populations were 0.18, 0.49 and 0.33, respectively. In one sample of a 60 km2 area of rural England where the rodenticide had been applied the genotypes RR, RS and SS were found at frequencies of 0.085, 0.627 and 0.287 respectively. What is the fitness of each of these genotypes? What equilibrium allelic frequencies would you expect if warfarin use had been continued?