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Referring to your food tracker: Which foods or drinks provided you with water-soluble vitamins, and which ones provided you with fat-soluble vitamins? Describe how this fat- and water-soluble vitamins are absorbed by your body? What functional foods did you consume? Summarize your consumption of dietary supplements, including why you use them, or possibly why you do not use them. PLEASE DONT TAKE OTHER PEOPLE'S ANSWERS

AND PLEASE INCLUDE A CITATION

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Tod Thiel
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23 Jan 2019

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Related questions

Help with Biology. Ive got some of the answers just need somehelp with others and see if what i have is good too.

Effect of enzyme concentration.

Ballon Diameter: (circumference):

TUBE 1: 15.5 cm

TUBE 2: 13.8 cm

TUBE 3: 8.8 cm

What is the enzyme in the experiment? What is the substrate?

Do you expect more enzyme activity if the substrateconcentration is increased or decreased? Explain. The moresubstrate you increase or decrease will cause the enzyme activityto increase or decrease up to a certain point. If you add to itthen it has more molecules to act upon. If you add enough substrateand all the enzymes are being used then it would reach a pointwhere there would be no further activity.

Effect of temperature.

Tube:

Refridgerator:

Temperature (0C): 16 degrees celcius

Ballon Diameter (cm): 17.1 cm

Room Temperature:

Temperature (0C): 28 degrees celcius

Ballon Diameter (cm): 17.1 cm

Boiling Water:

Temperature (0C): 83 degrees celcius

Ballon Diamter (cm): 6.9 cm

What is the enzyme in the experiment? What is the substrate?

How does temperature affect enzyme function? An increase intemperature results in more kinetic energy of the enzyme andsubstrate. It is more likely to collide with the enzyme for areaction to take place. To much heat however can cause the bondswhich holds the enzyme in the very specific shape to break and itwill no longer function (denatured).

What is the function of amylase? What does amylase do to starch?Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, itbrakes down the starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules. Amylaseis made in two places the salivary glands in your mouth whichstarts the digestive process by breaking down the starch in foodsas you chew and convert that into maltose a smaller carbohydrate.The other place is in the pancrease which completes the digestivecarbohydrate, producing glueclose, a small molecule absorbed intothe blood and carried throughout the body.

Why did you wait 5 minutes before spraying with IKIsolution?

Saliva does not contain amylase until babies are about twomonths old. How could this affect digestion? (Hint: babies do noeat cereal until about 2 months old.) Amylase is needed fordigestion of starches and complex carbohydrates, this makes thefood for babies to not be digested and possibly pass right throughthe babies system and into a diaper. It can also lead to gas andconstipation for the baby. In the case of a high protein food itcould even cause problems with a babies underdeveloped kidneys.Babies are not usually able to eat solid foods until they are 4 to6 months old.

Based on “Morgan: A case of Diabetes” by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)

The Patient:

Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly ¼ of Morgan’s tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:

Test

Morgan’s values

Normal range

Pre-Diabetic range

Diabetic range

Plasma glucose, mg/dl

260

70 -139

140 - 199

≥ 200

Fasting glucose, mg/dl

140

≤ 99

100 - 125

≥ 126

A1C, %

7.6

~ 5

5.7 – 6.4

≥ 6.5

Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml

34

2 - 10

10 - 20

≥ 20

The recommendation of Morgan’s doctor was to improve her exercise, good nutrition, and weight loss. He recommends meeting with a nutritionist to assist Morgan in her weight loss goals. When Morgan got home and told her family the diagnosis they however had LOTS of suggestions on how she can lose weight. Below is a description of the advice given to her by three family members.

Best friend Savannah:

“You know how I’ve been losing weight? Well, I’ve been on the Atkins’ Diet. I heard about it on TV. It’s great! You get to eat steak, chicken wings, and all the good stuff. All you have to do is limit carbohydrate intake. You should definitely give it a try. This diet has been around for years and it has worked for lots of people, including me.”

*Note: Atkin’s Diet recommends: 10% carbohydrates, 55% fats, 35% protein

Brother Alan:

“I think the best thing for you to do is exercise and stop eating all of that pizza and candy and food filled with fat. Our people never used to eat that junk. I say eat meals that are nutritionally balanced and high in fiber and low in refined sugars and saturated fats. And run a lot. Stop sitting around the house.”

Grandfather:

“Morgan, it is true that it is best to live in harmony and balance – to eat a nutritionally balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and ‘good’ fats to meet your body’s needs. That is good. But look to your heritage. Our people were never overweight before we started eating ‘civilized’ food. Look to our native diet. I think you should look to traditional herbal remedies for help. What Alan says is true. Exercise is good. But it is sometimes not enough. Our people have always looked to natural medicine for cures. They will lift your spirits and energize you. Then you will lose weight and you will be healthy again. I hear the herbs from the diet shop are safe and good. But you must take them like the medicine label says. It can’t hurt to try them.”

*Note: these herbal supplements Morgan’s grandfather is recommending contain the herb

ephedra (ephedrine).

Question 5:

Given Morgan’s metabolic state, what is the primary fuel source for her cells currently?

A. Carbohydrates (glucose)

B. Fats

C. Proteins

D. It is a balance of all three

Question 6:

Metabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following?

A. Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.

B. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.

C. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood.

D. Hyperglycemia.

Question 7:

Which weight loss suggestion is designed to achieve some level of ketosis?

A. Atkins Diet

B. Exercise

C. High fiber diet

D. Herbal treatments

Question 8:

One major side effect of the herbal supplement can be hot flashes and increased perspiration due to increased thermogenesis, what is the likely cause of the heat production?

A. Increasing the activity of phosphfructokinase-1.

B. Increasing the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

C. Increasing the activity of citrate synthase.

D. Increasing the activity of uncoupling proteins.

Question 9:

Would substituting fiber and complex carbohydrates (larger % cellulose) for the simple sugars and starches (high sucrose and amylose/amylopectin) help Morgan lose weight, why?

A. Yes, because complex carbohydrates like cellulose are largely indigestible so they pass through

the digestive tract without being absorbed.

B. Yes, cellulose contains less glucose residues than amylose or amylopectin.

C. Yes, because the fructose in sucrose is much more responsible for weight gain than the glucose.

D. No, because cellulose, amylose, and amylopectin are all composed of glucose so it doesn’t

matter.

Question 10:

Which weight loss suggestion will lead to an increased need for gluconeogenesis?

A. Atkins Diet

B. Exercise

C. High fiber diet

D. Herbal treatments

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