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Energy pyramids, which display graphically the relative amounts of energy in each trophic level of an ecosystem, are very similar across a wide range of different ecosystems, but biomass and organism abundance at different trophic levels are more variable between different ecosystems.

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Reid WolffLv2

14 Jun 2018

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Related questions

1. Studies over many years and by many different researchers have shown that only 10% of the energy captured by photosynthesis is transferred to the next trophic level, primary consumers. Similarly, the transfer of energy between any trophic level and the next has been shown to be 10% (Infographic 22.4). The biogeochemical cycles that continually renew supplies of clean water, oxygen, essential nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and carbon also are powered by the sunâs energy (Infographic 23.9). The amount of energy delivered to the Earth remains nearly the same from year to year and is called the solar constant. Explain how energy flow and the rates of the biogeochemical cycles relate to the carrying capacity of an ecosystem. [45]

2. Prepare a schematic of the hydrologic cycle that shows the major sinks, flows, drivers and processes in the cycle. Indicate the relative amounts of freshwater and saltwater and briefly explain why all the Earthâs water has not become salty. [40]

3. If the Earthâs water supply is finite, how can global warming cause sea levels to rise? Hint: There are several mechanisms but donât fall into a common trap. Do this experiment! Put ice in a glass and fill the glass till it is ready to overflow. Set the glass on a table and let the ice melt. What did you observe? [15]

Are most invasive (exotic) species K-selected or r-selectedspecies? Explain your choice and why that makes sense in terms oftheir ecological success.

Briefly define a community and an ecosystem and describe how thetwo are interrelated.

Which of the following levels of organization are in order, fromsimplest to most complex.
a. population, organism, community, ecosystem
b. community, ecosystem, population,organism
c. organism, community, population, ecosystem
d. population, ecosystem, organism, community
e. organism, population, community, ecosystem

Mosses growing on bare rock will eventuallyhelp to create soil. These mosses are involved in ___succession.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary

If a farmer sprays a pesticide onto a field and kills half ofthe insect pests, he has caused a reduction in________.
a. field capacity
b. carrying capacity
c. population size
d. More than one of the above

What type of survivorship curve would you expect for a plantspecies in which only a few seeds are produced and most of thesesurvive to produce adult plants?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III

An ecological niche is an organism's_______ in anecosystem.
a. location
b. habitat
c. resources
d. function

No matter how rapidly populations grow, they eventually reach alimit and begin to stabilize. This is called the______________.

Unicellular algae live in the tissues of coral animals. Thealgae provide food for the coral, while the coral provides a stablehome for the algae. This is an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

The vast majority of energy taken into an ecosystemis____________.
a. converted into biomass by plants.
b. utilized by secondary consumers.
c. lost as heat.
d. used by the primary consumers.
e. concentrated in the decomposers.

A farmer is using an insecticide to treat his crops. While mostinsects do not survive their first exposure to the insecticide somehave a gene that enables them to survive. When these survivorsreproduce they will likely pass along this resistance to theiroffspring. This results in an increase in numbers of the insectsover time. Which of the following processes applies to thissurvival?
a. cloning
b. mutation
c. natural selection
d. genetic engineering

What is the ecological relationship between insects andcrops?
a. mutualism
b. competition
c. predation

Sea anemones growing on the backs of crabs without damaging thecrabs are an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

Which of these is a population density-independent regulatingfactor?
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Size of population
d. Weather
e. Resource availability

Producers are_________.
a. Autotrophs
b. Herbivores
c. Omnivores
d. Carnivores

If biological magnification occurs, the ___ will have thehighest levels of toxins in their systems.
a. producers
b. herbivores
c. primary carnivores
d. top carnivores

Given the amount of sunlight that hits the plants on our planet,and the ability of plants for rapid growth and reproduction, howcome we arenât all hip deep in dead plants?

peachlion740

41. Microevolution is defined as:

Changes in population size

Changes in the frequency of alleles in the gene pool

Changes in the composition of the population

Emergence of new species

Changes in community size

42. A zorse is the offspring produced through interbreedingbetween a horse and a zebra. Zorses are often preferred for ridingbecause of their physical shape, but they are sterile. According toLinnaean taxonomy, are zebras and horses classified in the samespecies?

Yes

Sometimes

Not enough information to determine

43. Red rose color is incompletely dominant over white rosecolor. If a red rose is crossed with a pink rose, what percentageof the offspring will be pink?

100

44. Honey bees engage in entomophily, pollinationthrough pollen distribution, as part of the process to producehoney. What is entomophily an example of?

Ecosystem

Niche

Community

Habitat

45. The majority of climate scientists suggest that the currentchange in climate is caused predominantly by ________.

An enhancement of the greenhouse effect

A decreased reliance on fossil fuels for energy

A thinning of the ozone layer

A melting of the polar ice caps

An increase in solar radiation

46. Which of the following is not an expected effect of globalclimate change?

A rise in the sea levels

Flooding of coastal cities

Decrease in the size of glaciers and ice sheets

Increase in the size of glacier and ice sheets

More extreme weather

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Autotroph

Primary producer

Primary consumer

Secondary consumer

Tertiary consumer

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Population

Trophic level

Species

Community

Habitat

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As a response to selection pressure

By chance

By natural selection

As a response to environmental pressure

By artificial selection

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They share a recent common ancestor

The ability to produce light is an ancient trait

They are found in the same location

They are both adapted to environments which are low in light

All of the above