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22 Dec 2018

Ecology

9) How could global warming impact interspecific interactions? Which type(s) of interspecific interactions would be most impacted? What about least impacted? Explain your answers.

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Nestor Rutherford
Nestor RutherfordLv2
24 Dec 2018

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Related questions

Explain how climate change might affect the Earth’s ecosystems and the distribution of plant and animal species. Your discussion should probably include things like fundamental niche of species and limits of tolerance. You could also talk about how temperature and precipitation play a huge role in determining the structure of the basal species (the autotrophs (plants in terrestrial ecosystems; things like phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystem) in an ecosystem and how this would impact virtually everything in the levels of the trophic pyramid above them, primary consumers, secondary consumers etc. If you felt ambitious, you could even talk about how this might impact interspecific interactions such as: competition, mutualisms, predator prey relationships, you know, stuff like that.

There are lots of reports about the "greenhouse effect" on the news these days. These reports invariably contain dire predictions about the effects of elevated levels of CO2, resulting from air pollution, on climate changes and global warming. Consider all of your observations as you address the following questions. 13. What do plants do with CO2 present in the atmosphere? 14. Would you expect photosynthesis to be more or less efficient under "greenhouse effect" conditions? 15. Predict the overall response of plants to elevated CO2 levels. 16. How might the "greenhouse effect" be impacted by plants' response to it?

Worksheet 5 – Competition

This worksheet is designed to help you:

Understand the differences between intraspecific and interspecific competition.

Determine factors that may drive competition in nature.

Answer/address all of the following questions. In all cases, we require that your work be typed and that you make computer printouts of spreadsheets, graphics, or statistical output.

Provide 2 examples of intraspecific competition and 2 examples of interspecific competition. Cite your sources (16pts). Explain which scenario has more intense competition.

2. Produce a table showing the average number of beans collected by each individual during each foraging experiment (20pts).

An example raw data table is provided below – you are required to make a summary table from this information (hint: do not include raw data, only summary values, in a summary table).

3. Produce a bar graph (or bar graphs) reporting the experiment averages with appropriate error bars for each foraging experiment (16pts).

4. Provide null and alternative hypotheses for each foraging experiment—a total of 5 sets of hypothesis. (6 pts)

(hint: the 5 hypotheses will be (1) intraspecific competition between small beaked birds (experiment A), 2) Intraspecific Competition between large beaked birds (experiment B), (3) interspecific competition for small beans (experiment C), (4) Interspecific competition for large beans (Experiment D), 5) high vs. low density intraspecific competition (average A vs. average E).

5. Perform appropriate statistical tests for each hypothesis (12pts).

(hint: you are attempting to find out if there is a significant differences between two populations – for (i) and (ii) the statistical test will be paired and for (iii) the statistical test will be unpaired)

6. Discuss the results of each statistical test, and explain why you observed these patterns (15pts).

7. Explain how competition—both intraspecific and interspecific—drove the evolution of Darwin’s finches (below) to develop specialized beak shapes? What do the different species compete for, and why are differences in morphology (e.g. bill shape and size) important? (15 pts)

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