2. The following paragraph is from a combined results and discussion section (Loffredo et al., 2010). Indicate whether you think each passage is a result (R), or analysis/discussion of a result (D).
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Germination experiments
_______In general, germination percentage, root and shoot lengths, and fresh mass of seedlings of the eight species examined were not significantly altered by BPA treatment at concentrations of 4.6 mg L-1 and 46 mg L-1 with respect to the control.
_______The only exceptions observed were a significant reduction of root length for perennial ryegrass (23.9% shorter, probability â¤0.01) and Siberian wheatgrass (27.2% shorter, probability ⤠0.01) at the larger BPA dose of 46 mg L-1, and a marked increase of marrow plant fresh mass (108.9% greater, probability ⤠0.01) at the lesser BPA concentration of 4.6 mg L-1.
_______In a previous study, Ferrara et al. (2006) also found that BPA treatments at 10 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1 generally did not inhibit germination and early growth of seedlings of broad bean (Vicia faba), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), durum wheat (Triticum durum), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa).
_______The residual amount of BPA measured in the aqueous medium at the end of germination of the eight species and in the corresponding blank (without seeds) are shown in Fig. 1.
_______With respect to the initial BPA added, in the absence of seeds at both concentrations (blanks), no BPA reduction was observed in the germination conditions adopted, i.e., BPA was stable in aqueous solution for a period of at least 12 d (Fig. 1).
_______In previous unreported experiments, the authors found that BPA at concentration of 6.8 mg L-1 in aqueous solution did not show any decrease after 35 d at a temperature of 25°C in the dark. Imai et al. (2007) reported the absence of BPA degradation in water for a period of 4.2 d.
_______The BPA removal from water by seedlings followed the trend: radish > Siberian wheatgrass > fescue > perennial ryegrass = cucumber (more than 93% of BPA removed) > marrow plant > white clover > couch grass at the lesser concentration of 4.6 mg L-1, and marrow plant > fescue > radish (more than 84% BPA removed) > perennial ryegrass > cucumber > Siberian wheatgrass > white clover > couch grass at the larger concentration of 46 mg L-1 (Fig. 1).
_______The observed BPA removal from the germination medium of each species was attributed to uptake by seedlings, and to BPA degradation by seedling exudates. In a study of BPA metabolism in plant cell suspension cultures, Schmidt and Schuphan (2002) measured a rapid decrease of BPA concentration in the liquid medium, which was attributed to rapid uptake of the compound by plant cells.
2. The following paragraph is from a combined results and discussion section (Loffredo et al., 2010). Indicate whether you think each passage is a result (R), or analysis/discussion of a result (D).
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Germination experiments
_______In general, germination percentage, root and shoot lengths, and fresh mass of seedlings of the eight species examined were not significantly altered by BPA treatment at concentrations of 4.6 mg L-1 and 46 mg L-1 with respect to the control.
_______The only exceptions observed were a significant reduction of root length for perennial ryegrass (23.9% shorter, probability â¤0.01) and Siberian wheatgrass (27.2% shorter, probability ⤠0.01) at the larger BPA dose of 46 mg L-1, and a marked increase of marrow plant fresh mass (108.9% greater, probability ⤠0.01) at the lesser BPA concentration of 4.6 mg L-1.
_______In a previous study, Ferrara et al. (2006) also found that BPA treatments at 10 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1 generally did not inhibit germination and early growth of seedlings of broad bean (Vicia faba), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), durum wheat (Triticum durum), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa).
_______The residual amount of BPA measured in the aqueous medium at the end of germination of the eight species and in the corresponding blank (without seeds) are shown in Fig. 1.
_______With respect to the initial BPA added, in the absence of seeds at both concentrations (blanks), no BPA reduction was observed in the germination conditions adopted, i.e., BPA was stable in aqueous solution for a period of at least 12 d (Fig. 1).
_______In previous unreported experiments, the authors found that BPA at concentration of 6.8 mg L-1 in aqueous solution did not show any decrease after 35 d at a temperature of 25°C in the dark. Imai et al. (2007) reported the absence of BPA degradation in water for a period of 4.2 d.
_______The BPA removal from water by seedlings followed the trend: radish > Siberian wheatgrass > fescue > perennial ryegrass = cucumber (more than 93% of BPA removed) > marrow plant > white clover > couch grass at the lesser concentration of 4.6 mg L-1, and marrow plant > fescue > radish (more than 84% BPA removed) > perennial ryegrass > cucumber > Siberian wheatgrass > white clover > couch grass at the larger concentration of 46 mg L-1 (Fig. 1).
_______The observed BPA removal from the germination medium of each species was attributed to uptake by seedlings, and to BPA degradation by seedling exudates. In a study of BPA metabolism in plant cell suspension cultures, Schmidt and Schuphan (2002) measured a rapid decrease of BPA concentration in the liquid medium, which was attributed to rapid uptake of the compound by plant cells.
