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29 Jul 2019

If the F1 portion of the ATP synthetase complex is expelled from the mitochondrial membrane into solution, it works as an ATPase. Explain how it can work as both ATP synthetase and ATPase?

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Sixta KovacekLv2

30 Jul 2019

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You have discovered a new micro-organism whose F1F0 ATPase consists of a C-ring that has 15 subunits, as opposed to the 9 in the human complex, and 12 in bacteria.

a. How many protons does this organism need to bring back in from the outside to synthesize one ATP?

b. How many moles of ATP could it theoretically synthesize per mole of NADH, assuming the reaction is 100 % efficient?

1)Where is most of the sodium located?

	a.	inside of the cell (intracellular compartment)
	b.	outside of the cell (extracellular compartment )
	c.	inside of the nucleus (intracellular compartment)
	d.	white

2)The sodium-potassium ATPase pump moves how many sodiums out of the cell ? ;

	a.	2
	b.	3
	c.	4
	d.	1

3)Which of the following would decrease then activity of the sodium/potassium ATPase pump ?

	a.	hypoxia (low oxygen)
	b.	high oxygen
	c.	low ATP levels
	d.	none of the above

4)In order for the sodium-potassium ATPase pump to release the energy from ATP and to use it, it needs an enzyme (ATPase). Where is the enzyme located?

	a.	in the cytosol
	b.	in the ECF
	c.	in the ICF
	d.	within the pump itself

5) During states of dehydration, which of the following statements is true ?

	A.	water mores into brain cells
	B.	water moves out of brain cells
	C.	There is no net movement of water across the cell membrane of nerve cells
	D.	none of the above

6)Which of the following fluids should be used to treat cerebral edema?

	a.	0.9% NaCl
	b.	0.45 % NaCl
	c.	3.0 NaCl
	d.	None of the above

7) Which of the following conditions can result in hypernatremia?

	a.	polydipsia
	b.	dehydration
	c.	SIADH
	d.	NONE OF THE ABOVE

8)Which of the following condition could potentially cause hypernatremia.

	a.	hyperaldosteronism
	b.	hypoaldosteronism
	c.	overhydration

1. Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle catalyzes a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction?

A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

B. Succinyl-CoA synthetase

C. Fumarase

D. Aconitase

E. Citrate synthase

2. Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle is embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane

A. Fumurase

B. Malate dehydrogenase

C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

D. Succinate dehydrogenase

E. Aconitase

3. The addition of Isocitrate will stimulate the TCA cycle. How many ATP can you produce from one molecule of Isocitrate?

A. 10

B. 7.5

C. 4

D. 5

4. In the reaction mechanism for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, which cofactor is required for the decarboxylation step?

A. Thiamine pyrophosphate

B. Lipoic acid

C. FAD

D. NAD+

E. all of the above

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If the F1 portion of the ATP synthetase complex is expelled from the mitochondrial membrane into solution, it works as an ATPase. Explain how it can work as both ATP synthetase and ATPase?

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