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19 Jul 2018

Discuss what has happened with regard to the female gametophyte during verification of the plant kingdom. start with mosses --> Filicales Fern --> Marilea --> Pinus --> angiosperms (polygonum-type), and for each include size, location, source of food for the gametophyte, source of food for embryo and the protection for the embryo.

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Lelia LubowitzLv2

20 Jul 2018

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Related questions

Question 1

The key innovation that allowed for plant survival on land, seenin the first land plants and all others after, but not in thecharophytes, is

Question 1 options:

	fruit.
	vascular tissue.
	the seed.
	protection of the embryo.

Question 2

Which dramatic change in the alternation-of-generations lifecycle led to the protection of all phases of the life cycle and theformation of seeds?

Question 2 options:

	transition from a dominant gametophyte generation to a dominantsporophyte generation
	transition from a dominant sporophyte generation to a dominantgametophyte generation

Question 3

Which structure(s) allow the sporophyte of vascular plants to beprotected against drying out?

Question 3 options:

	the waxy covering of leaves, called the cuticle
	small openings in the leaves, called stomata
	guard cells that surround each stoma
	all of these structures protect the dominant sporophyte fromdrying out

Question 4

Why are the bryophytes called nonvascular plants?

Question 4 options:

	because they are specialized for transporting water and organicnutrients
	because their roots, stems, and leaves lack vascular tissue
	because they protect their embryo
	because they produce wind-blown spores

Question 5

Which generation is dominant in the bryophytes?

Question 5 options:

	the generations are equally dominant
	the sporophyte
	the gametophyte
	there is no sporophyte generation in bryophytes

Question 6

Which of the bryophytes are typically low-lying, due mostly totheir need for moisture and lack of vascular tissue?

Question 6 options:

	the mosses
	the liverworts
	the hornworts
	all of the bryophytes are low-lying

Question 7

Which structure of the moss protects the embryo from dryingout?

Question 7 options:

	the archegonium
	the antheridium
	the sporangium
	the stalk

Question 8

Cooksonia were the first __________ plants; they hadwind-blown spores, __________, leaves, and roots.

Question 8 options:

	nonvascular; branches
	vascular; seeds
	nonvascular; seeds
	vascular; branches

Question 9

The roots of today's lycophytes are much like __________ were inearly vascular plants; the vascular tissue is __________.

Question 9 options:

	roots; centrally placed
	stems; centrally placed
	leaves; only found at the perimeter
	branches; only found at the perimeter

Question 10

Pteridophytes, or ferns and their allies, are __________vascular plants with __________.

Question 10 options:

	seed-producing; microphylls
	seedless; microphylls
	seedless; megaphylls
	seed-producing; megaphylls

Question 11

Microphylls __________. Megaphylls__________.

Question 11 options:

	are found in all vascular plants; are only found in thelycophytes
	are broad leaves with a single strand of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have several strands vascular tissue
	are broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue
	are narrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue; arebroad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue

Question 12

The fern life cycle

Question 12 options:

	all of these choices accurately describe the fern lifecycle.
	is dependent on external water.
	relies on the wind to disperse the spores.
	produces a gametophyte that lacks vascular tissue.

Question 13

Seed plants use meiosis to produce

Question 13 options:

	spores and pollen.
	seeds and fruit.
	pollen and seeds.
	microspores and megaspores.

Question 14

In seed plants, a microspore develops into

Question 14 options:

	an egg.
	a pollen grain.
	a sporophyte.
	All of these answers correctly complete this sentence.

Question 15

Within the angiosperms, or ___________, two groups exist. Theyare named for their __________.

Question 15 options:

	vascular plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats
	nonvascular plants; leaf type
	flowering plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats
	fungi; leaf type

Question 16

The __________ parts of a flower are the stamens, each of whichhas two parts: the anther and the filament. The __________ parts ofa flower are the carpel, which has three major regions: the stigma,the style, and the __________.

Question 16 options:

	female; male; ovary
	male; female; sepals
	female; male; sepals
	male; female; ovary

Question 17

Double fertilization during the angiosperm life cycle involvestwo sperm, one of which __________, while the other __________.

Question 17 options:

	fertilizes the egg to form a zygote; produces the endospermnucleus, which will develop into food for the developing plant
	is a mature male gametophyte; is an immature malegametophyte
	lands on the carpel of the plant; is usually blown away in thewind
	develops into the seed; develops into the fruit that surroundsthe seeds

Question 18

The bodies of most fungi are made up of a network of filamentscalled hyphae.

Question 18 options:

	True
	False

Question 19

What is the difference between land fungi and the chytrids?

Question 19 options:

	Land fungi are motile and have flagella at all stages of theirlife cycle. The chytrids do not have flagella.
	Land fungi are nonmotile and do not have flagella at any stageof their life cycle. The chytrids have flagellated spores andgametes.
	Land fungi are nonmotile and only have flagellated spores. Thechytrids have flagellated spores and gametes.
	Both are motile for part of their life cycle. Land fungi aremotile as gametes. Chytrids are motile as spores.

Question 20

The vast majority of described species of fungi are __________fungi, which include unicellular __________, which reproducesexually once their food supply runs out. When yeast ferment, theyproduce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 20 options:

	zygospore; black bread molds
	club; mushroom
	sac; yeast
	mutualistic; lichen

yellowmuskrat453

1. A plant the lacks petals and has well-developed anthers ismost likely

pollinated by fruit-eatingmammals.

pollinated by bees.

pollinated by birds.

pollinated by wind.

2. SELECT EACH TYPE of tissue that may be found in a maturefruit or seed. Can be more than one

Diploid sporophyte tissue from theprevious generation

Triploid endosperm

Diploid embryonic tissue

Haploid sperm cells

Tissue from the female gametophyte

3. Based on the outcome for plants, a monkey eating a banana isa

parasite.

pollinator.

disperser.

fertilizer.

4. Select all of the environmentswhere seeds would be an advantage over spores. Can be more thanone

Deserts

Areas with unpredictablerainfall

Wet humid swamps

Open habitats with sparsevegetation

Under a dense forest canopy

5. Select all the advantages that seeds have over spores.

Seeds have increased droughtresistance.

Long term dormancy ispossible.

Sexual reproduction is onlypossible with seeds.

Nutrition is packaged with theembryo.

Widespread dispersal is possible with a seed coat.

6. Nectar is a sugar-laden liquid that is very energeticallyexpensive to produce. Why do plants allocate resources to produceit instead of just producing more flowers?

Nectar serves as an enticement forinsects.

Nectar is sticky and traps windborne pollen.

Nectar provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.

Nectar provides energy during pollen tube formation.

7.The dried pericarp that forms the peanut shell provideevidence that peanuts are

legumes.

drupes.

samaras.

pomes.

8. All members of the Anthophyta have

nectaries.

animal pollinators.

scented flowers.

ovules enclosed in carpels.

fleshy fruits for dispersal.

9. Why is external water not essential for fertilization in seedplants?

Ovules are contained within thepollen.

Sperm cells are used to transportpollen to the archegonia.

Seed plants use pollen instead ofsperm for fertilization.

The sperm cells in seed plants arecapable of resisting desiccation.

Pollen grains are transported by wind or an animal.

10.Select the true statements concerning seeds. Can be more thanone

Seeds allow for dormancy untilfavorable conditions arise.

The fruit provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.

The ovule dries and forms the seedcoat.

The seed stores all of thenutrition and water the embryo needs to germinate.

Seeds can resist conditions thatwould kill a live plant.

Seeds are key to wide dispersal of offspring.

11. Select the true statements concerning sperm and pollen. Canbe more than one.

In seed plants the entire malegametophyte is dispersed.

The pollen fertilizes the egg.

The pollen tube facilitates thepollination of the ovule.

Pollen transports the cells thatform the sperm but only the sperm fertilizes the egg.

Unlike mosses and ferns water is not needed for fertilization inseed plants.

12.Check which of the following are correct regarding thebenefit of seeds. Can be more than one.

Seeds protect the young embryo byenclosing it in several layers of gametophyte tissue.

Seeds provide a source ofnourishment to the embryonic plant.

The integument forms a seed coatthat protects against desiccation.

Seeds provide a structure in whicha dormant embryo can avoid unfavorable growing conditions andgerminate when conditions improve.

Seeds are a means to transport offspring away from the parentalplant.

13. A fruit-bearing dioecious flower would have

a gynoecium.

neither an androecium nor agynoecium.

an androecium.

both an androecium and a gynoecium.

14. A researcher brings a sample of dry soil to the lab, wetsit, provides ample amounts of fertilizer, and places the soil in acontainer in a greenhouse. Which type of plant would be leastlikely to emerge?

	Corn
	Sunflower
	Liverwort
	Wheat
	Pine seedling

skyant642

1. The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 meters tall, a source of high-quality lumber, and a favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can then enter and allow the remaining seeds to germinate.

The large white part of a Brazil nut that people eat serves which of the following functions in nature?

A. It serves as protection for the embryo from agoutis looking for food.

B. It attracts harpy eagles and encourages them to nest in the tree.

C. It provides energy and nutrition to a germinating seedling.

D. It provides a water source for the developing embryo.

2. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) usually has red flowers in an inflorescence of up to 250 flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most (but not all) of the flowers were red. Six to eight weeks later, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The major pollinators early in the season were two species of hummingbirds active during the day; they emigrated to lower elevations, and the major pollinator later in the season was a hawk moth (a type of moth). The hawk moth was most active at sunset and later, and it preferred light pink to white flowers after dark. When hummingbirds were present, more red flowers than white flowers produced fruit. When only hawk moths were present, more white flowers produced fruit (K. N. Paige and T. G. Whitham. 1985. Individual and population shifts in flower color by scarlet gilia: A mechanism for pollinator tracking. Science 227:315-17).

Some plants continued to produce only dark (red) flowers whereas others produced lighter colored flowers later in the season. Which plants do you expect produced more fruit over the entire season?

A. those that stayed dark

B. the same numbers of fruit on both

C. those that changed their color to a lighter shade

D. the plants whose flowers were always light colored

3. Mistletoe is a plant that lives on trees and gains nutrition from them (that is, it is a parasite). The fruit of the mistletoe is a one-seeded berry and is consumed by birds. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the viscosity of Viscum seeds is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for infecting host plant tissues? The fruit ________.

A. secretes enzymes that can digest bark

B. is colored so as to provide it with camouflage

C. is drab in color

D. is nutritious to the dispersing organisms

4. When a scientist describes the "body plan" of a phylum, he or she is implying that ________.

A. mutations have arisen that allow only some shapes to be produced

B. animals evolve according to a pre-ordained plan

C. the body shapes we see now have been more successful than others in the past

D. organisms direct their own evolution in order to maximize their success

5. The primary difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom is ________.

A. a coelom arises in the ectoderm, and a pseudocoelom arises in the endoderm

B. a coelom occurs in triploblastic animals, and a pseudocoelom occurs in diploblastic animals