Question

1

Living systems can be studied by way of the scientific method which involves which of the following?

A

Using only deductive reasoning and not inductive reasoning

B

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments and using controls

C

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments

D

Using many subjects, but doing no statistical analysis

E

Using many subjects but having no controls

2

Which of the following molecules has the least amount of energy that you can use for intense physical exercise?

A

A chemically specifically designed to signal uncontrolled cell growth

B

Water since it promotes all chemical reactions

C

Lipids

D

Carbohydrates

E

Protein

3

Nicotine produced in plants can be lethal to insects in that it causes a paralysis. Where does nicotine have its effect?

A

Nicotine receptors located in the nucleus of the cell

B

Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrane of brain cells

C

Nicotine receptors in the golgi bodies of neurons

D

Nicotine receptors on the mitochondria of brain cells

4

The aqueous (water) space between cells is which of the following?

A

Blood

B

Interstitial

C

Extracellular

D

Intracellular

E

All of these answers are correct

5

A hypo-osmotic solution can be defined as which of the following?

A

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyposmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

B

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyperosmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

C

A solution that is equal in concentration compared to another

D

A solution that is less concentrated relative to another

E

A solution that is more concentrated relative to another

6

Lactic acid in your muscles is the byproduct of which metabolic pathway?

A

Glycolysis

B

Electron Transport System

C

Krebs cycle

D

Glycolysis and oxygen

7

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

A

A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that breakdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

B

A series of chemical reactions that breakdown or catabolize protein to produce lactic acid in the presence of oxygen

C

A series of chemical reactions in the muscle cytoplasm that breaksdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

D

A series of chemical reactions that produce enzymes

8

During oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following is phosphorylated with the assistance of ATP synthase?

A

Cytochromes

B

ADP

C

ATP

D

NADH

E

Hydrogen ions

9

In all animals who use oxidative phorphorylation to generate ATP, the ultimate electron acceptor is directly transported to all cells by way of which of the following?

A

Hemoglobin

B

Red blood cells

C

Water (H2O)

D

Lungs

10

After NADH is reduced at the Electron Transport system, the hydrogen ion subsequently does which of the following?

A

Activates ATPsynthase

B

Activates Krebs cycle

C

Activates chemiosmosis

D

Oxidizes ATP

E

Reduces ATP

11

Which of the following has to exist for ATP synthase to be activated to directly produce ATP?

A

An oxygen gradient

B

A neutron gradient

C

An electron gradient

D

A proton gradient

E

All of these answers are correct

12

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

A

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

B

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

C

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

D

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus