1) Present several theories as to how water and minerals move from the tip of the root (Root Pressure?) to the top of the tallest trees (OK, it works for short trees too!) Why isnt Capillary Action a possibility?

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Tod ThielLv2

24 Mar 2018

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1.) Conduct some research and describe the movement of water and minerals from the tip of the root to the top of the tallest tree. Be sure to start in the soil, describing the relationship of water molecules to soil particles, and end up in the atmosphere (What's the term for the evaporation of water? Be sure to describe the transition from liquid water to gas). The best place to begin is to describe the molecular structure of water, followed by how water moves (Can you say water potential?) Definitely include the name and structure of the cells and tissues the water and minerals will be crossing and transport in (Dont forget the stomates and how they work!)

Capillarity is the movement of a liquid in a tube due to the adhesion of liquid molecules to the sides of the tube and cohesive attraction of the liquid molecules to each other. The height that water may obtain capillary action alone is defined by this equation, h=14.87/r, where the radius (r) of the tube is in Î¼m and height (h) is in meters. So in small-diameter tubes such as xylem tracheids and vessels, water can move upwards by capillary action.

Part A:) Without doing any calculations, do you think capillary action is sufficient to move water to the tops of 100 m tall trees?

Part B:) Now get out your calculators. Given that tracheids are about 80 Î¼m and vessel elements about 200 Î¼m in diameter, how high (in meters) can water move in xylem by capillary action alone?

Mitotic cells in fresh Allium root tips: the chromosomesquash
1. Collect two onion root tips and trim sothat you have about 2mm of the very end of the root. Use adissecting scope to be sure that you collect the tip.
2. Soak the tips in a few drops of 1 M HCl(hydrochloric acid) in a watch glass for about 15 to 20 minutes. Ina separate watch glass, do the same with 2mm sections of rootdistant from the tip.
3. Transfer the samples to a few drops ofacetocarmine stain for about 15 min (WARNING: Acetocarmine iscorrosive and stains skin and clothes. It does not come out. Takecare in handling it).
4. Transfer one tip to a few drops ofwater on a slide.
5. Lower a cover slip onto the tip andpress it down gently so that the tip squashes out to about 7 mm indiameter.
6. Look for cells exhibiting mitosis underhigh power (40X).
7. If this fails for any reason try yourother root tip

A. Briefly describe your observations
B. Why look for mitotic cells only at root tips?
C. Do the same procedure with root material distant from the tip.What did you see?