What is: pulse rate (& how does pulse relate to the cardiac cycle)? stroke volume? How do you calculate cardiac output? What are some ways we can reduce our risk of heart disease?

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Elin HesselLv2

23 Mar 2019

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Miguel Induran (a former world class cyclist)is reported to have a resting heart rate of 29 beats per minute.Explain how this is possible. Using normal values for cardiacoutput, heart rate, etc. determine what the stroke volume would befor this cyclist at rest and what his cardiac output should be atexercising heart rates. (2 points)

emeraldcod140

Potentially useful information: one mL = one cm³ = 10^-6 m³, one mmHg = 133.3 Pa (N/m²). SV = EDV â ESV. CO = HR X SV. Ejection Fraction = SV/EDV

Hints: calculate heart rate for each condition. Remember to calculate work for the entire volume of blood that is pressurized i.e., end diastolic volume (EDV). Therefore you will need to use the data provided to calculate the EDV to answer this question.

The work done by the heart is Pressure-Volume work. While both ventricles are doing work, in this problem you will just calculate the work done by the left (high pressure) ventricle. In lecture you saw that if both pressure and volume are expressed in SI units, their product is NÂ·m (work!) In this assignment you will calculate the work done by the left ventricle of the heart each minute to support a cardiac output of 5L/min.

1.)In a healthy person make the following assumptions: Stroke volume is 70mL and the Ejection Fraction is 58% (these are normal values). If systolic pressure is 120 mmHg, what is the work that the heart must perform each minute to produce a cardiac output of 5 L/min?

2.) Individuals with hypertension (high blood pressure) have a much greater resistance in their blood vessels and thus their heart not only has to produce greater pressure, it will have a much greater volume left following contractions (end systolic volume, ESV) Calculate the work the heart (for the identical cardiac output of 5L/min) in an individual with stage one hypertension for which these values apply: systolic blood pressure of 150 mmHg, an ejection fraction of 40% and a stroke volume of 60mL.

3.) 150mmHg is 25% greater than 120 mmHg. In this individual, how much greater is their cardiac work?

silverdinosaur935

1. Which cardiorespiratory parameters change during the transition from rest to exercise, andwhich of these can exhibit plasticity due to aerobic training? In your answer, you should include terms and processes such as gas transport cascade, VO2,ventilation, tidal volume, total pulmonary ventilation, alveolar ventilation, dead space, PAO2,diffusion, hemoglobin, Hb-O2 dissociation curve, Hb-O2 affinity, hematocrit, blood oxygencarrying capacity, cardiac output, heart rate, pacemaker cells, SA node, funny channels, stroke volume, Frank-Starling mechanism, contractility, cardiac hypertrophy, preload, afterload, totalperipheral resistance, and arteriovenous O2 difference.