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1. What is a template strand? A coding strand? 2. What enzyme synthesizes mRNA. 3. How many RNA polymerases do Bacteria have? Eukaryotes? 4. What is a sigma? How is it related to the RNA polymerase? 5. What is required for transcription to begin? 6. Why are the several different types of sigma?

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Jean Keeling
Jean KeelingLv2
23 Mar 2018

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Related questions

Which type of RNA is unique to eukaryotes?

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

Its a trick, all cells have all four types of RNA.

1 points

QUESTION 2

The region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is the:

origin

promoter

enhancer

none of the above are correct

1 points

QUESTION 3

Holoenzyme:

is RNA polymerase core enzyme.

is sigma factor.

is core plus sigma factor.

none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 4

Which of these is formed FIRST when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter?

The closed promoter complex

The open promoter complex

A rho-independent terminator

none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 5

A hairpin loop followed by a run of Us:

is the sequence formed in the sense strand of a gene using a rho-independent terminator.

is the sequence recognized by the rho protein.

is the structure formed in RNA that causes rho-independent termination.

is formed immediately after the open promoter complex is formed.

1 points

QUESTION 6

RNA polymerase:

reads the template strand of the DNA in the 3' to 5' direction.

synthesizes the RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.

can begin transcription without a primer.

all of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Bacteria like E. coli have only one type of sigma factor.

RNA polymerase has no proofreading activity.

The promoter of a gene is upstream of the RNA-coding region.

Bacterial transcriptional terminators are copied into RNA to cause termination.

1 points

QUESTION 8

If the template strand of a gene has the sequence 5' ATGCGAT 3', then:

the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUGCGAU 3'.

the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' UAGCGUA 3'.

the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUCGCAU 3'.

None of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 9

The sense strand:

is the lagging strand

is also the template strand.

always goes left to right.

none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 10

Which of these is transcribed but not translated?

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

all of the above

tRNA and rRNA are transcribed but not translated.

please help i am a bit confused

3. Catalysis of RNA synthesis

B. How does the first nucleotide incorporated into an RNA transcript differ from the rest?

C. Can you identify the coding and template strand of DNA?

D. What changes are required to maintain a local transcription bubble during elongation?

E. How is backtracking by RNA polymerase beneficial? What conditions favor backtracking? What can occur within the nascent transcript upon backtracking?

Biochem:

1. Indicate whether the following describes DNA polymerase, RNApolymerase, both, or none:

a. Binds to single stranded DNA

b. Uses an RNA primer

c. Has proof-reading ability

d. Reads from 3' to 5'

e. Phosphodiester bonds are formed using rNTPs

f. Requires a DNA primer

g. Multiple types are present in eukaryotes

h. Mutiple types are present in prokaryotes

i. Is synthesized bi-directionally

j. Requires there to be a terminal sequence on DNA

k. Is part of a larger complex made up of several proteins

2. Post-translational damage causes the loss of the 2' hydoxylgroup on several adenosine nucleotides within the intron sequenceof a primary RNA transcript. What could possible happen to theresulting mature RNA sequence and consequent protein?

3. Where on the below strand of RNA would you most likely findthe following:

a. Start of transcription

b. Start of translation

c. TATA box

d. Enhancers

e. Initiator

f. Activators

g. Repressors

4. How would the following mutation in the template strand ofDNA affect the translated protein? (x=any base, / = exon/intronjunction)

5-XXXXC/CTGAAGAGGAAGXXXXGTTAGXXXXACTCAC/CTCGC-3 to5-CCTGAAGAGGAAXXXXXXXXGTTAGXXXXACTCACCTCGC-3

5. When will there be a 5'-5' linkage in RNA? When is this bondformed? Which base is commonly involved in this process? What wouldhappen if there was an inability in this enzyme to make the 5'-5'likage?

6. Consider the following strand of mRNA. What protein would beproduced if this strand was translated?

5'- CGUAUGCCCUUUACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

7. What would be the new protein if the following mutations weremade to the strand in 6? Label/classify each type of mutation.

a. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUUAACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

b. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUCACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

c. 5'- CGUAUGCCCUUUACUAGUAUUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

d. 5'- CGUAUGCCCUUGACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

e. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUCACUAGUAUGAGUAACUAGUAACC-3'

f. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUAAACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

8. What are examples of two different types of point mutationsin sequences coding for hemoglobin production?

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