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1)(a) Saturated fatty acid tails have a different shape than unsaturated fatty acid tails. Briefly explain what this means in terms of chemical bonds.

(b) How does the difference in chemical bonds between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids affect the shape of these molecules.

(c) Cell membranes are made mostly of phospholipids (which contain fatty acids) that must maintain fluidity. What type of phospholipids would be better at maintaining fluidity: saturated phospholipids or unsaturated phospholipids? Explain your answer (and make sure your explanation relates to part b).

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Related questions

The table below shows the percent of each type of phospholipid fatty acid tail found in each type of the grass membranes on Oct. 2 and Dec. 8th. The first column in the table shows the length of the fatty acid tail and the number of double-bonds in the fatty acid. For example the fatty acid “16:0” would be a fatty acid that was 16 carbons long and had 0 double-bonds. The second and third columns show the percent of all phospholipid fatty acids that were of this type. For example, in grass collected on October 2nd, 23.9 % of the phospholipid fatty acids were 16 carbons long and had no double-bonds (16:0 type), and in the grass collected on Dec. 8th, 21.0 % of the phospholipid fatty acids were 16 carbons long and had no double-bonds (16:0 type).

Fatty Acid composition

of Phospholipids

October 2

December 8

% of phospholipids

% of phospholipids

16:0

23.9

21.0

16.1

0.4

0.7

18:0

0.8

0.4

18:1

9.6

6.1

18:2

34.4

38.6

18:3

30.2

32.4

20:0

0.7

0.7

A. For each date the grass was collected, calculate the total percent of phospholipid fatty acids that were saturated fatty acids and the total percent of phospholipid fatty acids that were unsaturated fatty acids.

B. Draw a column graph that shows the total percent of phospholipid fatty acids that were saturated for each date that grass was collected and the total percent of phospholipids that were unsaturated for each date that grass were collected.

C. Why are the % of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid tails on the phospholipids of the Oct 2nd collected grass and the Dec 8th collected grass not the same? Use your understanding of membrane fluidity to address why these percentages have changed during this time period.

D. During this experiment the concentration of cholesterol found in the membranes of the grass was also measured. On Oct. 2th the concentration of cholesterol was 1.10 umol/mg and on Dec. 8th the concentration of cholesterol was 1.22 umol/mg. Why did the concentration of cholesterol change? Use your understanding of membrane fluidity to address why these concentrations have changed during this time period.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are in the same column of the periodic table. They have similar properties in bonding with other molecules because they have the same number of:
We cannot answer this question definitively because there is not enough information.
What I choose are wrong.

I JUST NEED SIMPLE/BASIC ANSWERS NOT LONG ANSWERS

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Draw five water molecules and label the atoms and bonds within and between the 5 molecules.

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Describe the variety and chemical characteristics of common functional groups of organic compounds.

Diagram how small molecules may be assembled into larger ones by dehydration reactions and how hydrolysis reactions can reverse this process.

List the four major classes of organic molecules and macromolecules found in living organisms

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Relate the functions of plant and animal polysaccharides to their structure.

List the several different classes of lipid molecules important in living organisms.

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Discuss how fats function as energy-storage molecules.

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Describe the chemical nature of steroids and give an example of their biological importance.

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Explain how the proteome underlies the structure and function of cells.

Analyze how cell size and shape affect the surface area/volume ratio.

Identify the location of the cytosol in a eukaryotic cell and list its general functions.

Describe the three types of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton. Identify which underlie cilia, flagella, centrioles, the nuclear lamina, and the brush border. Tell which are readily assembled and disassembled. Tell which are involved in various cell shape changes or movements.

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67. Explain the process of osmosis and how it affects cell structure.

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