19. What is calorimetry? Explain the difference between a coffee cup calorimeter and a bomb calorimeter. What is each designed to measure?

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Explain why ΔH is obtained directly from a coffee cup calorimeter, whereas ΔE is obtained directly from a bomb calorimeter.

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Calorimetry is a method used to measure changes inenthalpy, or heat, that occur during chemical processes. Two commoncalorimeters are constant-pressure calorimeters and constant-volume(or "bomb") calorimeters. Bomb calorimeters are used to measurecombustion and other gas-producing reactions, in which the reactionis observed in a strong, sealed vessel. A simple constant-pressurecalorimeter can be made from a foam coffee cup and a thermometer,in which energy changes in a reaction are observed via the changein temperature of the solution in the cup. The idea behindcalorimeters is that if they are sufficiently insulated from theoutside environment, any energy gained or lost in the chemicalreaction will be directly observable as a temperature and/orpressure change in the calorimeter.