Answer the following questions regarding the preparation of a haloalkane from an alcohol and use the following information below:
A. Clearly draw the overall reaction for the preparation of a haloalkane from an alcohol, and the reaction mechanism which includes the transition state of the reaction.
B. Determine the limiting reagent and theoretical yield using the information given above. Note: The calcium chloride in this reaction was only used to promote the separation of the layers, and it is not a reactant.
After ensuring that your separating funnel is functional, dispense t-butanol (25 cm') into it. Clamp the funnel above a large beaker (in case of spills), and add through a conical funnel, concentrated hydrochloric acid (75 cm) from the dispenser, with swirling. Some heat will be evolved. Record the concentration of the acid used as you will need it for your calculations. Add granular anhydrous calcium chloride (10 g) to the mixture in the separating funnel, and swirl the contents with the stopper removed, until the salt dissolves. Stopper the funnel, hold the stopper in firmly, invert the funnel and release the pressure through the stopcock. Now shake the funnel gently for about 30 seconds, with frequent venting. Re-clamp the funnel, and remove the stopper whilst the separating funnel is clamped in position. Repeat this shaking and venting process three more times at intervals of about 5 minutes, then allow the separating funnel to stand (with the stopper removed) till the layers can be seen to be clearly separated. Run off the lower layer, and carefully discard it by pouring into a sink with a good flow of water. Run water into the sink for a few minutes to dilute the acid well. Slowly add sodium bicarbonate solution (20 cm') to the organic layerin the funnel. Swirl the contents with the stoppe Remember to use frequent venting. Run off the aqueous layer. R second portion of bicarbonate solution (20 cm'). Then wash the organic la cm) and then with saturated sodium chloride solution (20 cm2). Observe and record w r removed until the bubbling subsides. Then shake gently for about 30 seconds. epeat this "washing" process with a yer first with water (20 hat hap into a dry 50 cm conical flask containing about half a teaspoon of anhydrous Run the organic layer sodium sulphate. Swirl occasionally over a ten-minute period, while preparin apparafus.
