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oliveleopard246Lv1

28 Sep 2019

The pH of a 25 degree celcius groundwater containing 10^-4M of Mg²⁺ is initially raised to 12. No further base is added. What will be the equilibrium pH and Mg²⁺ concentration? Assume that no carbonate species and no other ions are present that could precipitate and that Mg²⁺ precipitates as Mg(OH)_2(s). Recall that for every one Mg²⁺ that precipitates, two OH^- ions precipitate.

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11 Apr 2023

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28 Sep 2019

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Common Ion Effect

A) Mg(OH)2 is a sparingly soluble compound, in this case a base, with a solubility product, Ksp, of 5.61Ã10â11. It is used to control the pH and provide nutrients in the biological (microbial) treatment of municipal wastewater streams.

Based on the given value of the Ksp, what is the molar solubility of Mg(OH)2 in pure H2O?

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

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molar solubility =

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The common-ion effect and solubility

The solubility of a slightly soluble compound can be greatly affected by the addition of a soluble compound with a common ion, that is, with one of the ions in the added soluble compound being identical to one of the ions of the slightly soluble compound. The general result of the addition of the common ion is to greatly reduce the solubility of the slightly soluble compound. In other words, the addition of the common ion results in a shift in the equilibrium of the slightly soluble compound.

Part B - Calculate the molar solubility in NaOH

Based on the given value of the Ksp, what is the molar solubility of Mg(OH)2 in 0.200 M NaOH?

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

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molar solubility =

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Part C

This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s).

The common-ion effect and buffer systems

A buffer is a mixed solution of a weak acid or base, combined with its conjugate. Note that this can be understood essentially as a common-ion problem: The conjugate is a common ion added to an equilibrium system of a weak acid or base. The addition of the conjugate shifts the equilibrium of the system to relieve the stress of the added concentration of the common ion. In a solution consisting of a weak acid or base, the equilibrium shift also results in a pH shift of the system.

It is the presence of the common ion in the system that results in buffering behavior, because both added H+ or OHâ ions can be neutralized.

Part D

What is the pH change of a 0.290 M solution of citric acid (pKa=4.77) if citrate is added to a concentration of 0.145 M with no change in volume?

Express the difference in pH numerically to two decimal places.

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Fill out the whole table, you do not have to show your work on all of them, just show your work on 4 different kinds, example:

Problem #1: an acid that I measured the pH, we turn that into hydrogen ion concentration and fill out the table.
Problem #2: an acid where I did not measure the pH, in which case you start by looking up kA, then fill out the table
Problem #3: a base where I measured the pH turn that into hydroxide concentration and fill out the table,
Problem #4: a base where I did not measure the pH, then you have to find kB and fill out the table.

You only have to show work for each one of these and the rest can be done without any work.

In that table if you were to look at "Exp pH" you could see that some of them are crossed over and another pH is written, those ones are called "measured" for the measured columns you have to fill out "Theo Ka or Kb" and the "%error" as well. For the non measured rows, you do not have to fill out "Theo Ka or Kb" and the "%error."

NOTES:
1) For the Conjugate Acid and Conjugate Base, do not put H+, OH-. If itâs a weak acid, put that weak acid. For Conjugate base, then put the weak base. If the compound was a weak base, then put that thing in there, then put the conjugate acid in the other column. And do not include any spectator ions.

2) Do not bother to use the ice table to determine X, values for Ka or Kb can be looked up online.

3) In the case of nitrate ion, we cannot Kb, we can only look up Ka for its conjugate acid.

4) 7 of them have their pH measured. And the other 7 do not and that should be looked up.