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17 Nov 2019

Oxidation Numbers

The oxidation number of an element is the "charge" the element would have if all of its bonds were completely ionic; that is, if the electron pairs of each bond were transferred to the more electronegative atom.

For monatomic ions the oxidation number is simply the charge of the ion. For covalently bonded elements the oxidation number is a bookkeeping device and does not mean that the element carries an actual charge.

Determine the oxidation state for each of the elements below.

The oxidation state of chlorine in hypochlorite ion ClO- is______
The oxidation state of chlorine in chlorine pentafluoride ClF5 is_____
The oxidation state of sulfur in sulfur dioxide SO2 is_______

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Related questions

The oxidation number of an element is the "charge" the element would have if all of its bonds were completely ionic; that is, if the electron pairs of each bond were transferred to the more electronegative atom.

For monatomic ions the oxidation number is simply the charge of the ion. For covalently bonded elements the oxidation number is a bookkeeping device and does not mean that the element carries an actual charge.

Determine the oxidation state for each of the elements below.

The oxidation state of silver in silver bromide AgBr is __

The oxidation state of nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide NO2 is __.

The oxidation state of xenon in xenon gas Xe is __.

4. (20 pts, 2 pts each) Multiple choice questions from chapter 7.Place the letter representing the
correct response in the blank provided.
_____ Which of the following do not exist under normal conditionsas a diatomic gas?
(A) hydrogen, (B) oxygen, (C) fluorine, (D) chlorine, (E)bromine
_____ In nature, the noble gases exist as
(A) monatomic gaseous atoms, (B) the gaseous fluorides, (C) solidsin minerals,
(D) alkali metal salts, (E) the sulfides
_____ Of the elements below, _____ has the highest electronaffinity.
(A) oxygen, (B) sodium, (C) fluorine, (D) hydrogen, (E)chlorine
_____ Of the following elements, which has the largest firstionization energy?
(A) Se, (B) As, (C) S, (D) Sb, (E) Ge
_____ Of the hydrogen halides, only _____ is a weak acid.
(A) HCl (aq), (B) HBr (aq), (C) HF (aq), (D) HI (aq), (E) all ofthem
_____ The carbonate of which alkali metal is used in treatment ofmanic-depressive illness?
(A) Li, (B) Na, (C) K, (D) Rb, (E) Cs
_____ The reaction of a metal with a nonmetal produces a(n)
(A) base, (B) salt, (C) acid, (D) oxide, (E) hydroxide
_____ Which element is solid at room temperature?
(A) Cl2, (B) F2, (C) Br2, (D) I2, (E) H2
_____ Which of the following correctly lists the five atoms inorder of increasing size (smallest to
largest)?_(A) F < K < Ge < Br < Rb, (B) F < Ge <Br < K < Rb,
(C) F < K < Br < Ge < Rb, (D) F < Br < Ge < K< Rb, (E) F < Br < Ge < Rb < K
_____ Which one of the following is a metalloid?
(A) Ge, (B) S, (C) Br, (D) Pb, (E) C
5. (20 pts, 2 pts each) Multiple choice questions from chapter 8.Place the letter representing the
correct response in the blank provided.
_____ Which of the following ions does not have a noble-gasconfiguration?
(A) V5+ (B) Si4+ (C) Nb3+ (D) S2– (E) Os8+
_____ Which of the following is correctly arranged with respect tothe size of the atom/ion?
(A) S < S1– < S2– (B) Mg2+ < Na+ < Ne (C) Ni < Cu+< Zn2+
_____ What type of covalent bond between like atoms is thelongest?
(A) triple (B) double (C) single (D) They are all the samelength.
_____ Arrange the following in order of increasing bond polarity:C-O, P-O, Cu-O, Mn-O
(A) C-O < P-O < Cu-O < Mn-O (B) C-O < P-O < Mn-O< Cu-O
(C) Mn-O < Cu-O < P-O < C-O (D) P-O < C-O < Cu-O< Mn-O
_____ Write a single Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule, andcalculate the formal charges on
all the atoms in PO4
3–.
(A) P 2+, O 1– (B) P 1+, O 1– (C) P 4+, O 2– (D) P 2+, O 2– (E) P1+, O 2–
_____ The Lewis structure of InBr3 contains how many valenceelectrons?
(A) 24 (B) 7 (C) 6 (D) 3 (E) 34
_____ Using Lewis structures that satisfy the octet rule, determinethe number of bonds formed by
the central element in each of the following: SiO4
4–, PO4
3–, SO4
2–, ClO4
1–.
(A) 4, 5, 6, 7 (B) 2, 3.5, 5, 6.5 (C) 4, 5, 5, 6 (D) 4, 4, 4, 4 (E)5, 6, 7, 8
_____ The Lewis electron-dot structure of IF5 gives the centralI
(A) an octet (B) 5 nonbonding pairs and 1 bonding pair (C) 5bonding pairs only
(D) 1 nonbonding pairs and 5 bonding pairs (E) 1 nonbonding pairand 4 bonding pairs
_____ In the thiocyanate anion, (SCN)–, which of the following isnot an accepted multiplicity for
the sulfur-carbon bond and the carbon-nitrogen bond,respectively?
(A) single, single (B) double, double (C) single, triple (D)triple, single
_____ Which of these ions (oxidation states) does not have anoble-gas configuration?
(A) Cr3+ (B) Cr with an oxidation state of 6+ (as in CrO4
2–)
(C) S with an oxidation state of 6+ (as in SO4
2–) (D) S2– (E) Hf 4+

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