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18 Nov 2019

1. Which particles in the following tableresult in no change in nuclear charge when emitted in nucleardecay?
Table Particles Found in Nuclear Reactions (ONLY ONE correct):

Particle

a. Neutron

b.Proton

c. Electron

d. Alphaparticle

e. Betaparticle

f. Positron

2 .Given that only two or three neutrons arereleased per fission event and knowing that the nucleus undergoingfission has a neutron-to-proton ratio characteristic of a heavynucleus, what sorts of decay would you expect to be dominant amongthe fission products?

a. alpha emission

b. positron emission

c. beta decay

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1. What does this tell you about the products of the fission

process in relationship to the belt of stability?

A .the products of fission must lie outside the belt of

stability

B. the products of fission must lie within the belt of

stability

2. Given that only two or three neutrons are released per

fission event and knowing that the nucleus undergoing fissionhas a

neutron-to-proton ratio characteristic of a heavy nucleus,what

sorts of decay would you expect to be dominant among thefission

products?

A alpha emission

B positron emission

C beta decay

The spent fuel elements from a fission reactor are much more intensely radioactive than the original fuel elements. (a) What does this tell you about the products of the fission process in relationship to the belt of stability, Figure 21.2? (b) Given that only two or three neutrons are released per fission event and knowing that the nucleus undergoing fission has a neutron-to-proton ratio characteristic of a heavy nucleus, what sorts of decay would you expect to be dominant among the fission products?

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Nuclear Decay Equations

Learning Goal:

To predict the products of alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission, and electron capture.

Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation from an unstable nucleus. There are five major types of radioactive decay:

Alpha (Î±) radiation consists of helium nuclei. The helium nucleus is a small particle containing two protons and two neutrons (42He).

Beta (Î²) radiation consists of electrons. In nuclear equations, the standard format for representing a beta particle using superscripts and subscripts is 0â1e.

Positron emission results from the conversion of a proton in the nucleus to a neutron. The ejected positron is a particle that has the same mass as an electron but an opposite charge. In nuclear equations, the standard format for representing a positron using superscripts and subscripts is 01e .

Electron capture is the capture of an inner shell electron by a proton in the nucleus. The process emits gamma (Î³) radiation and results in a proton converting to a neutron. Gamma radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.

Gamma (Î³) radiation consists of high-energy radiation, and contains no particles and thus they have no mass. In nuclear equations, the standard format for representing gamma radiation using superscripts and subscripts is 00Î³.

Balancing a decay equation

There are two main rules to remember when balancing nuclear equations:

The total of the superscripts in the reactants and products must be the same.

The total of the subscripts in the reactants and products must be the same.

For an isotope of an element, the superscripts are mass numbers, and the subcripts are atomic numbers:

Mass number â¶ AAtomic number â¶ Z X âµ Chemical symbol

Where the mass number (A) is the sum of the number of proton and number of neutrons in the nucleus, atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus, and chemical symbol (X) is the symbol of the specific element.

Part A

Identify the nuclide produced when americium-241 decays by alpha emission:

241 95Amâ42He + ?

Express your answer as an isotope using prescripts.

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Part B

Identify the nuclide produced when phosphorus-32 decays by beta emission:

3215Pâ 0â1e + ?

Express your answer as an isotope using prescripts.

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Part C

Identify the nuclide produced when fluorine-18 decays by positron emission: