Hardness is defined as the sum of the divalent cations in water(cations have a positive ionic charge), expressed asCaCO3.Typically the major cations that contribute to hardness areCa^2+ and Mg^2+. A water supply was analyzed and it was found tohave 180 mg/L of Ca^2+ and 24.3 mg/L of Mg^2+. What is thehardness?(Hint: convert mass concentrations to equivalentconcentrations.)
A water supply is analyzed for carbonate species. The pH of thesample is 7.0 and the concentration of HCO3- is 22.5 eq/L. What isthe alkalinity of the water as (a) eq/L and b) as CaCO3? (Hint: Doyou need to include the equivalents of CO3^2- in calculatingalkalinity for this sample? Also, remember the meaning of pnotation, it will help you calculate theH^= and OH^-concentrations.)
Hardness is defined as the sum of the divalent cations in water(cations have a positive ionic charge), expressed asCaCO3.Typically the major cations that contribute to hardness areCa^2+ and Mg^2+. A water supply was analyzed and it was found tohave 180 mg/L of Ca^2+ and 24.3 mg/L of Mg^2+. What is thehardness?(Hint: convert mass concentrations to equivalentconcentrations.)
A water supply is analyzed for carbonate species. The pH of thesample is 7.0 and the concentration of HCO3- is 22.5 eq/L. What isthe alkalinity of the water as (a) eq/L and b) as CaCO3? (Hint: Doyou need to include the equivalents of CO3^2- in calculatingalkalinity for this sample? Also, remember the meaning of pnotation, it will help you calculate theH^= and OH^-concentrations.)
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