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The use of the British thermal unit (Btu) is common in much engineering work. A Btu is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 °F. Calculate the number of joules in a Btu.
From this conversion, we see that 1 Btu is 252 cal, which is 252×4.184 J = 1054 J.

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The use of the British thermal unit (Btu) is common in muchengineering work. A Btu is the amount of heat required to raise thetemperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Farenheit.

Calculate the number of jouled in a Btu.

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Consider the three fuels burned to produce energy: natural gas(primarily methane (CH4)), fuel oil (primarily dodecane (C12H25)),and coal (primarily graphite (C)).

Name Substance Formula M (g/mol) ?fHo (kJ/mol)

------- --------- --------- --------- --------
Natural gas, methane CH4(g) 16.04 -74.81
Fuel oil, dodecane C12H26(l)170.34 -353.50
Coal, graphiteC(s) 12.01 0.00

a) If the reaction is carried out atconstant temperature and
pressure, find the heat generated per unit mass in the combustionof each fuel
in (MJ/kg of fuel) and in (kBtu/lb of fuel).
This is what is known as the higher heating value (HHV) of thefuel
since the product water is not vaporized.

you may need to calculate the enthalpy of combustion for eachfuel.

b) Given the prices for these fuels (natural gas--$0.53/ccf at STP,fuel oil--$3.04/gal, coal--$82.00/ton), calculate the energy costof each fuel in ($/GJ). Which fuel is most cost effective? (Assumemethane is ideal, Vm(STP) = 22.414 L, and ?dodecane = 0.750g/mL)

Useful information:

1 MJ = 1 x 106 J
1 GJ = 1 x 109 J
1 Btu = 1055 J
1 lb = 453.59 g
1 ccf = 100 ft3

1 ft = 12 in
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 L = 1000 cm3
1 gal = 3785 mL
1 cm3 = 1 mL
1 ton = 2000 lb
1 kg = 1000 g
1 kBtu = 1000 Btu

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The use of the British thermal unit (Btu) is common in much engineering work. A Btu is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 °F. Calculate the number of joules in a Btu.
From this conversion, we see that 1 Btu is 252 cal, which is 252×4.184 J = 1054 J.

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The use of the British thermal unit (Btu) is common in much engineering work. A Btu is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 °F. Calculate the number of joules in a Btu.From this conversion, we see that 1 Btu is 252 cal, which is 252×4.184 J = 1054 J.

Unlock all answers

Related textbook solutions

Basic Chemistry

Principles of Chemistry Molecular Approach

Chemistry: Structure and Properties

Principles of Chemistry Molecular Approach

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Chemistry: The Central Science

Related questions

Weekly leaderboard

The use of the British thermal unit (Btu) is common in much engineering work. A Btu is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 °F. Calculate the number of joules in a Btu.
From this conversion, we see that 1 Btu is 252 cal, which is 252×4.184 J = 1054 J.