The four most common ways to describe solution composition are mass percent, mole fraction, molarity, and molality. Define each of these solution composition terms. Why is molarity temperature-dependent, whereas the other three solution composition terms are temperature-independent?

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Lesley MukwadaLv6

5 Nov 2020

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Chemists often use molarity, M, in moles/liter, to measure the concentration of solutions. Molarity is a common unit of concentration because the volume of a liquid is very easy to measure. However, the drawback of using molarity is that volume is a temperature-dependent quality. As temperature changes, density changes, which affects volume. Volume markings for most laboratory glassware are calibrated for room temperature, about 20°C. Fortunately, there are several other ways of expressing concentration that do not involve volume and are therefore temperature independent.

A mass of 0.630 g of NaCl is dissolved in 525 g of water.

1. Calculate the morality of the solution.

2. Calculate the mole fraction of salt in the solution.

3. Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in percent by mass.

4. Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in parts per million.

Include units for each.