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ochremanatee209Lv1

6 Oct 2020

The compound is quite unstable, but is very unstable ( was first synthesized in 1811 by P.L. Dulong who lost three fingers and an eye studying its properties). The compounds of and are unknown, although the explosive compound is known. Account for the instability of these halides of nitrogen.

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Camille Sta. MariaLv8

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A derivative of sucrose that is found in sugar beets and higher plants was analyzed and found to have the properties listed in the following.

(a) Mol. Formula: C₁₈H₂₂O₁₆ MW = 504.4

Assuming the compound is made up of C₆ sugars, how many sugars to you expect to find in the molecule?

(b) The compound was subjected to acid hydrolysis and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of its sugar components by means of their per-O-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The sugar components appeared as three sets of double peaks (peaks running close together) that together indicated a Glc:Gal:Fru ratio of 1:1:1, using authentic standards.

Show the products of the hydrolysis and trimethylsilylation reactions. Account for the doubled peaks for the sugars.

(c) A part of the above sugar hydrolysis mixture was subjected to reduction with NaBH₄, and the reduction products were isolated and converted with Ac₂O/pyridine to their alditol acetates. The number of peaks in the gas chromatographic (GC) trace = 3. These corresponded to ratios of Glc 1.3:Gal 1.0:Man 0.7, based on analysis of their per-O-acetyl alditol derivatives.

How did per-O-acetyl-d-mannitol get into the picture? Why did the Glc ratio go to 1.3? Reconcile with the findings in (b).

(d) The original compound has an [Î±]_D²¹ 105Â° (c 1, H₂O) and it does not mutarotate. The compound does not reduce Fehlingâs solution and is not oxidized by Br₂/H₂O.

What is the significance of these findings?

(e) Treatment of the compound in water with Î±-galactosidase, an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes Î±-d-galactose linkages, gives Gal and sucrose.

What does this indicate?

(f) Exhaustive methylation of the compound with KOH and (MeO)₂SO₂ (dimethyl sulfate) gives a compound with 11 Me groups. Hydrolysis of the methylated derivative gives three identifiable compounds:

2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-galactopyranose

2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-d-glucopyranose

1,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-fructofuranose

Draw each of these structures. Indicate what information about the total structure is revealed.

(g) Collectively using these data, derive the structure for the compound and accurately draw its structure, being careful to show proper stereochemistry. Be careful in depicting the absolute stereochemistry for each sugar component and for each glycosidic linkage. Label each sugar unit (Gal, Glc or Fru), indicate the anomeric linkage (Î² or Î±).

For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response. All of these fill-in-the-blank problems pertain to material covered in the sections on alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon derivatives.

a. The first "organic" compound to be synthesized in the laboratory, rather than being isolated from nature, was _ _ _ _ _, which was prepared from _ _ _ _ _.

b. An organic compound whose carbon-carbon bonds are all single bonds is said to be _ _ _ _ _.

c. The general orientation of the four pairs of electrons around the carbon atoms in alkanes is _ _ _ _ _.

d. Alkanes in which the carbon atoms form a single unbranched chain are said to be _ _ _ _ _ alkanes.

e. Structural isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same number of each type of atom but exhibit a different arrangement of the _ _ _ _ _ between those atoms.

f. The systematic names of all saturated hydrocarbons have the ending _ _ _ _ _ added to a root name that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

g. For branched hydrocarbon, the root name for the hydrocarbon comes from the number of carbon atoms in the _ _ _ _ _ continuous chain in the molecule.

h. The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule are indicated by the _ _ _ _ _ of the carbon atom to which the substituents are attached.

i. The major use of alkanes has been in _ _ _ _ _ reactions, as a source of heat and light.

j. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo _ _ _ _ _ reactions, whereby a new atom replaces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane.

k. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete _ _ _ _ _ reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond.

l. Unsaturated fats may be converted to saturated fats by the process of _ _ _ _ _.

m. Benzene is the parent member of the group of hydrocarbons called _ _ _ _ _ hydrocarbons.

n. An atom or group of atoms that imparts new and characteristic properties to an organic molecule is called a _ _ _ _ _ group.

o. A _ _ _ _ _ alcohol is one in which there is only one hydrocarbon group attached to the carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group.

p. The simplest alcohol, methanol, prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of _ _ _ _ _.

q. Ethanol is commonly prepared by the _ _ _ _ _ of certain sugars by yeast.

r. Both aldehydes and ketones contain the _ _ _ _ _ group, but they differ in where this group occurs along the hydrocarbon chain.

s. Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by _ _ _ _ _ of the corresponding alcohol.

t. Organic acids, which contain the _ _ _ _ _ group, are typically weak acids.

u. The typical sweet-smelling compounds called _ _ _ _ _ result from the condensation reaction of organic acid with an _ _ _ _ _.

rubyzebra85

Please help I need a full and correct answers for the last 2 pages of this homework. Its Pre lab questions. Please If u can't answer them all don't do them. Thank u

EXPERIMENT ANION ANALYSIS 27B. EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS: Equipment Chemicals Solid NaBr 13x100mm test tubes (2) Solid Naci scoopula d NazCOy 16x150mm test tubes (12) mL plastic pipets Solid Nal Solid NaNO 250 mL beaker Solid NazSO 8M H2SO4 25 ml. Erlenmeyer flask test tube rack 6M HNO 6M HCI stir rod with rubber policeman test tube clamp 0.1 M AgNO's 0.2M BaCl test tube brush wash bottle Hexane Chlorine water capillary pipet/rubber tubing Ba (OH) 0.2M FeSO apparatus anion unknown saturated soln INTRODUCTION: The second portion of the qualitative analysis of a salt involves the identification of the anion component. Although solubility and color are key factors in identifying the anion present in a salt, anions can also be grouped by common chemical characteristics, specifically, reaction with strong acids and with precipitating agents. In the first part of this analysis, students will perform tests on the anions being studied. Three classification tests, Reaction with Concentrated Sulfuric the of a Gas, Reaction with Silver with Barium used to group these is to remember that some of the anions will not exhibit positive result with one or more of these classification tests. Negative results are just as important as positive ones Upon the completion of the classification tests a nfirmatory test will be performed on each anion. In order for the student to use sound judgment in the analysis unknown anion sample they must understand a positive confirmatory resul Although individual confirmation will be done on of the anions the halides are confirmed with the same test. Each halide will give a each Chloride yellow, bromide unique color upon the completion of the test: iodide -purple. orange and Once the classification and confirmatory tests are completed on the known salts student will be assigned a sample of an unknown anion. Students will be expected to perform the classification tests and then choose the appropriate confirmatory test to perform. A. Classification Test I-Reaction of Anions with Concentrated Sulfuric Acid in the Production of a Gas Chloride, bromide, iodide, and carbonate anions all produce a gas in reaction with COLD concentrated sulfuric acid, (H.Sol). A chloride salt will react to form the halide, H2SO4(aq) 4 (aq)

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The compound is quite unstable, but is very unstable ( was first synthesized in 1811 by P.L. Dulong who lost three fingers and an eye studying its properties). The compounds of and are unknown, although the explosive compound is known. Account for the instability of these halides of nitrogen.

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