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Visit the World Trade Organization, www.wto.org, on the menu click on About WTO, then under Introductory Brochures you will find Understanding the WTO, under Basics you will find Principles of the trading system. a. List the principles of the trading system with components when appropriate. b. Discuss the principle of no discrimination and explain what its two components mean. 

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Kritika Krishnakumar
Kritika KrishnakumarLv10
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

This question is a bit hard. Assume a market with many individuals who trade goods. The number of goods available for trade grows as time evolves. In the first period, there is only one good to trade, in the second period, two goods, and so on (obviously in the Nth period there are N goods). Suppose that the market arrangement (and preferences of individuals) is such that the probability an individual engages in trading is inversely proportional to the number of goods: if there is only one good, the probability of trading is 1; if there are N goods, the probability of trading is 1/N. The payoff if an individual trades is 1 and if she does not, the payoff is zero. Suppose that individuals can create a monetary system every period for which they all have to pay a cost equal to 0 < x < 1. This system, however, raises the probability of trading for all individuals to 1 irrespective of the number of goods available in the market. After how many periods will individuals in this market decide to pay for this monetary system? Note that individuals decide whether to pay for the monetary system before they look for trades. (Hint: what is the expected payoff for a given individual if there is no money? How about if there is money? At which point are these equal?). This question is a bit hard. Its purpose is to make you think somewhat more deeply about the role of money as medium of exchange

P.S. I know the answer to this question (find it below), however I am looking for a response that shows/demonstrates how one comes to the conclusion. SOLVE THIS ANSWER YOURSELF, show that work, THEN explain how/why that is the answer. Please show your work.

ANSWER TO THE QUESTION I POSTED ABOVE: Individuals in this market will decide to pay for this monetary system at a point where expected payoff fr a given individual if there is no money and if there is money become equal. therefore when X = 1/n, the individuals will decide to introduce monetary system where X is the cost of creatingmonetary system and n is number of goods.

For questions 1, 2, 3, and 6 you are welcome to use Wikipedia. However, you should cite at least two other sources in each question. Your sources should be identified at the end of each answer. As you can see by now many of the assignments are very important to our understanding of the topics, but they have not been integrated as well into the course as I would like. This assignment is very different. Much of the discussion here is to better understand Latin America, a region of the world that we will need to skip because of time constraints. Some of you will be writing a country report about one that uses ISI. Some of this information may be useful to include in your report. Other sources you could consult are in the reference section of the library or you can ask a librarian for help. 1. What is Import Substitution Industrialization? (between 200-400 words) 2. Raul Prebisch was one of the prominent proponents of ISI, write a short biography of him (between 200-400 words) 3. Explain why Prebisch and others proposed ISI (up to 250 words). 4. Visit the site EconoMonitor and once there search for the article On Populism in Argentina (and other Latin American Countries) by Nicholas Magud published June 25th, 2008. Summarize it. 5. Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Mexico, and Bolivia among many countries followed both ISI and Economic populism. Visit the IMF site at www.imf.org and click on Data and Statistics, then click on World Economic Outlook Databases, select the October 2014 database,and select By Countries, next Latin America and the Caribbean. Find inflation in percent change for Argentina, since 1980 to date and graph the data in several sub-periods so it can show the different inflation rates better. In a couple paragraphs describe what you see. 6. Brazil, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and India followed ISI and different levels of Economic Populism, choose one of these five countries and explain when your selected country followed ISI and when it stopped following ISI? Why did your country stop using ISI? What were the consequences of ISI and Economic Populism in your country? (no less than 250 words and up to 700 words)

Comment this discuss in few paragraph ?

Cultural Differences and Ethical Standards

Should you pay the 10 percent commission? Justify your response.

The type of country in which this scenario takes place. As Hill (2009) points out there are high and low context countries. Asian, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries are high context countries where the message must be interpreted based on not only what was said, but the person's social status, and other cultural indicators present (Hill, 2009). In low context countries, what is said is the message and there is no need for further interpretations (Hill, 2009). Therefore, it would depend on where this interaction is occurring and who is asking for the commission (status, rank, business title, etc). These commissions may be a normal part of doing business in a certain region of the country. However, there are strict laws governing bribes (Mestre, 2015) and if I suspected that this commission was a bribe for business or personal advantage, then I would not pay the commission. This would eventually have a detrimental effect on my business and go against my ethics.

Does it make a difference if your competitors routinely pay such commissions? Explain why this may or may not have an impact on your decision.

As Mestre (2015) explains, bribes are so wide spread that the fundamental alter the business landscape in certain markets. As he states, there is a, "barrage of extortionate demands for bribes in foreign markets (p.2)." Unfortunately, bribes reward the corrupt and not eh efficient which a free market should award the most competitive and efficient company (Mestre, 2015). So these types of "commissions" are frequent around the world and should be calculated in to a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis when deciding to enter a certain foreign market. A company needs to decide what risks they are willing to take to enter into a new market. Will they pay bribes furthering the decline of a market and risk large legal penalties? Or will they not pay the bribes knowing that this will make it harder for them to do business in that market?

Do you think there should be more or fewer attempt to regulate international ethics? Why? Justify your answer using the research you have done in preparation for this assignment.

The United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) both have areas that monitor and regulate ethics (websites, ND). Additionally, the United States and other countries have, for example, anti-bribery laws that penalize both the bribe giver and taker (Mestre, 2015). Given all of the regulation, there is still wide spread corruption in the global marketplace (Mestre, 2015). Additionally, new technologies far exceed the pace of legislating new laws and policies (Herther, 2018). Therefore, it seems like a combination of corporate ethic policies, government intervention, and international trade agreements can help to combat unethical behavior in international business. It is important to have multiple areas of regulation as ethical behavior varies by country. For example, what Americans consider unethical may not be unethical in another country.

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