Suppose the Fed decides to stimulate the economy. Assume there is no cash leakage and required reserve ratio is 20% now, and banks have no excess reserves.
Show how the Fed would increase M1 by 1 million dollars by changing the reserve ratio.
Show how the Fed would increase M1 by 1 million dollars through open market operation. (You are expected to make some assumptions and work out some numbers to get full credit. If you can break the answer in parts like initially and ultimately, that will be fantastic!
Suppose the Fed decides to stimulate the economy. Assume there is no cash leakage and required reserve ratio is 20% now, and banks have no excess reserves.
Show how the Fed would increase M1 by 1 million dollars by changing the reserve ratio.
Show how the Fed would increase M1 by 1 million dollars through open market operation. (You are expected to make some assumptions and work out some numbers to get full credit. If you can break the answer in parts like initially and ultimately, that will be fantastic!
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Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $400. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table.
Reserve Requirement | Simple Money Multiplier | Money Supply |
---|---|---|
(Percent) | (Dollars) | |
20 | ||
10 |
A higher reserve requirement is associated with a money supply.
Suppose the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply by $200. Again, you can assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency. If the reserve requirement is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to worth of U.S. government bonds.
Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves due to uncertain economic conditions. Specifically, banks increase the percentage of deposits held as reserves from 10% to 25%. This increase in the reserve ratio causes the money multiplier to to . Under these conditions, the Fed would need to worth of U.S. government bonds in order to increase the money supply by $200.
Which of the following statements help to explain why, in the real world, the Fed cannot precisely control the money supply? Check all that apply.
- The Fed cannot control the amount of money that households choose to hold as currency.
- The Fed cannot prevent banks from lending out required reserves.
- The Fed cannot control whether and to what extent banks hold excess reserves.
6. Other things beingâ equal, the M1 money supply varies in the same direction as the magnitude of
A.âk, theâ currency/DDO ratio
B.rrâ , the average required reserve ratio
C.âre, theâ banksâ desired excess reserves ratio
D.none of the above
7. Suppose that discounts and advancesâ (Fed loans of reserves toâ banks) increaseâ $200 million, Treasury deposits at the Fed increaseâ $500 million, and the Fed buysâ $700 million of Treasury bills from dealers. The net effect of these 3 transactions is to
A.increase bank reserves byâ $1,000 million
B.increase bank reserves byâ $1,400 million
C.increase bank reserves byâ $400 billion
D.leave bank reserves unchanged
8. Other things being equalâ (assuming the Fed takes noâ action), a sharp increase in interest rates caused by market forces in a strong economic recovery is likely to
A.increaseâ k, the currencyâ ratio, thus reducing the money supply
B.reduce the monetaryâ base, thus increasing the money supply
C.reduce reâ , the desired excess reserveâ ratio, thus increasing the money supply
D.do none of the above
9. The Federal Reserve is able to control most accurately in the short run
A.âB, the monetary base
B.âk, the currency ratio
C.reâ , theâ bankâs desired excess reserve ratio
D.M1, the U.S. money supply
10. The Federal Reserve implementedâ âoperation twistâ inâ 2011-2012 by
A.simultaneously buyingâ long-term and sellingâ short-term Treasury securities
B.heavy purchases of bothâ long-term andâ short-term Treasury securities
C.lowering the federal funds rate target and buyingâ long-term bonds
D.purchasingâ short-term securities and buyingâ mortgage-backed bonds
11. Duringâ 2008-2014, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke drew a lot of criticism for
A.maintainingâ short-term interest rates at extremely low levels for an extended period
B.bailing out large banks that would otherwise have failed
C.conducting the quantitative easing policy for about six years
D.all of the above