Describe the difference in evolutionary terms between a neutral trait and an advantageous trait. Will a neutral trait (such as the presence of pelvic bones in snakes, which are legless) likely be eliminated from a population by adaptive evolution? Why or why not?

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rubiLv1

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An adaptation or adaptive trait is a trait/characteristic that has evolved in a population of organisms which provides a functional advantage. Adaptations increase the biological fitness of a population. Fitness is defined as the ability to survive and pass genes on to subsequent generations. For the purposes of this assignment, you are to choose an adaptive trait common to more than one species. For example, birds and bats both have wings. Write a 2-3 page (500 â 750 words, 12 point font) paper including the following elements. Be sure to compose your work with your own words. Do not copy and paste from any source. Describe what makes this trait an adaptation. Briefly describe how the trait evolved; e.g., mutation, genetic drift, migration and/or natural selection. Be sure to support your answer with evidence. What is the difference between homologous and analogous traits? How does your trait of choice fit either of these descriptions? What is convergent and divergent evolution? Describe whether the trait is a result of convergent or divergent evolution. Use in-text citation and provide source references for at least 3 sources. The textbook can be one source. When citing articles or other types of documents, follow standard guidelines as introduced on "Citing references in scientific research papers".

a. Define the terms âDemeâ and âSelection pressureâ as they relate to evolution.

b. Write the equation for calculating âcovarianceâ between two traits.

c. In a closed breeding population under selection can we breed for a particular selected trait indefinitely? Briefly describe why or why not.

d. Name two fixed effects taken into account when calculating EBVâs.

e. What is the genetic value of an animal and what is the breeding value of an animal and why might these be different?

f. The bonus in value of a trait obtained from a cross which is over and above that of the average effect of the parents is, (1 or 2 words)?

g. Write the formula for calculation of âeffective population sizeâ and briefly describe why it may be different for breeding populations with exactly the same number of animals in them.

Which of the following is most likely as a population goes through a bottleneck?

Heterozygosity decreases because genetic distance increases.

Genetic diversity increases because mutation rate increases while the population is going through the bottleneck

. Genetic diversity decreases because some alleles can be lost as the number of individuals dwindles

. The proportion of individuals that are heterozygous increases because there are fewer individuals.

2)What is meant when it says that genetic drift produces "non-adaptive" evolution?

Sometimes natural selection can favor a trait that is good for the current conditions, but when conditions change it is no longer helpful.

Evolution is just a genetic change in a population. If genes are lost from a population due to chance (i.e. genetic drift), that may not be adaptive, meaning the remaining organisms are no more fit.

Evolution isn't perfect, and sometimes it makes mistakes.