Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Cladistics, Adaptive Radiation, Ingroups And Outgroups
27 Nov 2012
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Document Summary
To understand patterns of relatedness, reconstruction of ca must be done. Outgroup analysis provides clues to which traits derived, which ancestral: outgroup is a close relative of the species in question but it does not belong to the group, evolution does not always proceed toward greater complexity. Reading and building phylogenies: related to =/= descended from, more complex =/= more evolved. Not all homologies are synapomophies ( shared and derived states) Cant tell if it was derived after ca or if it ancestral but lost in evolution if absent in outgroup but present in all ingroups. How many potential trees are there: there are infinite number of potential phylogenetic series. In cladistics systematics, only monophyletic groupings are recognized: does the group include all the descendants of the groups mrca (exam know what is monophyletic or not) Many traditionally-recognized groups are not monophyletic: why the 5 kingdom system is flawed. Evolutionary ecology: ecology: interations between organisms and their environment.
