BIOL444 Lecture Notes - Pertussis Toxin, Diphtheria Toxin, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
25 Dec 2012
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Document Summary
Nose, throat & associated structures, middle ear, sinuses, lachrymal apparatus (tear ducts) Bronchial tubes & alveoli (contains alveolar macrophages) Tortuous airways, nasal hairs, secretions of antimicrobial peptides, saliva (washing & chemicals), mucous membrane (ciliary epithelium, mucus, tight cell-cell junctions, rapid cell turnover, malt mucosal associated. Lymphoid tissue), alveolar macrophages, & resident microbiota @ the upper respiratory tract: normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (defenses for alternative colonization) Gram-positive cocci predominates: viridans streptococci, coagulase ve staphylococci. Colonizing pathogens: s. pneumoniae, s. aureus, s. pyogenes: mucociliary escalator: goblet cells embedded between the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract secretes mucus, mucus traps microbes & cilia sweeps mucus out of the respiratory tract. Pharyngitis (sore throat): viral or bacterial infections (h. influenzae, group c streptococci, non-toxigenic strains of c. diphtheriae), typically self-limiting (recovers spontaneously adaptive system kicks in) Problem of strep throat: potential for complications during or after acute pharyngitis: poststreptococcal sequelae: develop after untreated acute illness (s. pyogenes no longer present)
