BIO 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Gastrovascular Cavity, Digestive Enzyme, Vitamin K

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lemondinosaur366

17 Apr 2017

School

Quinnipiac University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 102

Professor

Jack Kronengold

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Document Summary

Nutrients - substances obtained from the environment that organisms need for their growth and survival. Lips, carbohydrates and proteins - supply energy. These molecules are broken down by digestion to their subunits, which are used during cellular respiration. Energy from these subunits is released and is captured in atp. Energy content from nutrients is measured in calories a unit that represents 1,000 calories. A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1*c. About 60% of the caloric energy in food is released as heat; the remaining 40% is captured in atp. The average human burns 70 calories/hour at rest, and up to 20 calories/minute during exercise. People differ in metabolic rate, the speed at which cellular reactions occur. Glucose (from which cells derive most of their energy) Cellulose, starch, and glycogen are all polysaccharides composed of chains of glucose.

Related Questions

Part 1

The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP is

Multiple choice

ATP-ase.

cytochrome C.

NADPH.

ATP synthase.

Part 2

The terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is water.

True/Fale

Part 3

Alex, Kim, and Jenna have different levels of activity, and thus require a varied amount of calories per day. Alex is an athlete, and he requires 3500 calories per day to fuel his high intensity activity. Jenna is a secretary and is sedentary most of her day. Her low level of activity requires a mere 1800 calories a day, while Kim, a professional dancer, needs 2800 calories per day to fuel her moderate level of activity.

	Jenna	Kim	Alex
Profession	Secretary	Professional Dancer	Athlete
Level of Activity	Low	Moderate	High
Caloric Needs	1800 Calories/Day	2800 Calories/Day	3500 Calories/Day

Fats are broken down in cellular respiration to generate the ATP needed to fuel our bodies. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Percent Recommended Daily value for fats in a balanced diet should not exceed more than 30% of the total daily calorie intake. Fats provide 9 calories per gram.

Nutritional needs of Jenna

What question would this calculation answer?
Finding 30% of 1800 calories and then dividing by 9 calories per gram.
1800 calories x 0.30 = 440 calories
440 calories/9 calories per gram = 49 grams

Multiple Choice

How many grams of fat can Jenna consume in one meal?

How many fat calories can Jenna consume each day?

How many calories are found in 9 grams of fat?

How many grams of fat can Jenna consume each day?

Part 4

Proton pumps are protein complexes that

Multiple Choice

synthesize water from hydrogen and oxygen.

break down water into hydrogen and oxygen.

move hydrogen ions across cell membranes.

move electrons through the cell membrane.

Part 5

As protons move through the proton pump,

Multiple Choice

the membrane becomes more permeable to the hydrogen ions.

the concentration of hydrogen ions inside and outside the cell reaches equilibrium.

they build up on one side of the membrane, producing a concentration gradient.

conformational changes occur within the membrane proteins.

Part 6

The transfer of hydrogen ions across the membrane generates a potential energy gradient.

True/False

** From the point that the specific metabolites are absorbedfrom the GI tract, trace the path of the resulting metabolites tothe following locations in the body for incorporation into the bodystructure:

1.Metabolites of protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle formuscle maintenance.

2. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy to contract thecardiac muscle cells.

3. Metabolites of fat to incorporate into the myelin sheaths ofthe Schwann cells of the Trigeminal nerve that innervates theMasseter muscle.

4. Water for incorporation into the synovial fluid of the hipjoint.

5. Iron for incorporation into red blood cells in the bonemarrow of the sternum.

crimsonsnail59

Food that we consume is composed of very complex molecules.During the digestive process these compounds are broken down intosmaller and smaller subunits in preparation for use by the body asbuilding blocks needed for the many components of the human body.The chicken and rice that were eaten by Matt and Maria containedingredients composed of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and othercomponents such as minerals, water and vitamins. ** From the pointthat the specific metabolites are absorbed from the GI tract, tracethe path of the resulting metabolites to the following locations inthe body for incorporation into the body structure: 1.Metabolitesof protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle for musclemaintenance. 2. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy tocontract the cardiac muscle cells. 3. Metabolites of fat toincorporate into the myelin sheaths of the Schwann cells of theTrigeminal nerve that innervates the Masseter muscle. 4. Water forincorporation into the synovial fluid of the hip joint. 5. Iron forincorporation into red blood cells in the bone marrow of thesternum.

(Note:1-5 are not answer choices)

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BIO 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Gastrovascular Cavity, Digestive Enzyme, Vitamin K

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