BIOL 2400 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Synapomorphy, Convergent Evolution, Cladistics
5 Apr 2013
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Document Summary
Evolutionary biologists exclaims that the phylogenetic tree represent the splitting as a single branch dividing into two or more new branches. Those new branches can, in time, split into new ones well. The number of extinct species out numbers the number of living species. Phylogeny: a visual representation of the evolutionary history of populations, genes, or species. Tips: terminal end of an evolutionary tree, representing species, molecules, or populations being compared. Branches: lineages evolving through time btwn successive speciation events. Node: a point in the phylogeny where a linege splits (a speciation event). Internal nodes: nodes within a phylogeny representing ancestral populations or species. Clade: an organism and all of its descendants. Cladogram, where the branches in a phylogenetic tree do not precisely measure the period of time it took btwn speciation events; but do offer some timing. Monophyletic: term used to describe a group of organisms that form a clade.
