BIOL108 Study Guide - Final Guide: Lumbar Vertebrae, Cyathus, Mutinus

• School: University of Alberta
• Department: Biology (Biological Sciences)
• Course: BIOL108
• Professor: Richard Moses

Document Summary

1 eyepiece unit (epu) at 10x is 10 m. Lab 2: origin of species: starting the story with dna. Species are particular kinds of plants or animals. The most basic source of change is mutation. (another important source is natural selection) The replacement of one nucleotide with another in a dna strand is called single-base substitution. Continuous accumulation of mutations has been called a molecular clock. We can make phylogenies based on phenotypes (observable traits) and also genotypes (genetic traits). Multiple sequence alignment is a sequence alignment of three or more biological sequences. A neutral mutation has no effect on fitness. Chlorophyta are commonly referred to as the green algae, the rhodophyta as the red algae and the. Cyanobacteria are a phylum of prokaryotic, photosynthetic bacteria. Colors in cyanobacteria are due to photosynthetic pigments which capture sunlight for photosynthesis. Endosymbiosis is the theory that certain organelles originated as free-living bacteria that were taken inside another cell as endosymbionts.