BIOLOGY 2C03 Lecture Notes - Punnett Square, Coin Flipping, Mutual Exclusivity

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lilacdog276

15 Sep 2013

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From a biological point of view, we first need to know the probability of alleles being distributed to the gametes. Mendel"s principle of segragation: each individual organism possesses two alleles encoding a trait, alleles separate when gametes are formed, alleles separate in equal proportions. Each parental allele has a chance of being passed to a child. Each combination of alleles (genotype) has a probability of occurring. Children are expected to have scd. 3 genotypes are expected in the children: How many phenotypes are expected in the children: Probability of rolling a 6 = p(roll a 6) = 1/6. Probability of rolling an even number = p(even) = 1/6 +1/6 + 1/6 = . Sum rule: the probability of the occurrence of any of the several mutually exclusive events is the sum of the probabilities of the individual events (either, or) Probability of rolling two 6"s = p(roll 2 6"s) = 1/6*1/6 = 1/36.

Related Questions

Question 1

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett square for the cross Hh x hh?

		4 x 4
		2 x 2
		2 x 1
		1 x 1

Question 2

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the phenotypes and genotypes possible in their puppies by using a Punnett Square. (provide answers on one line with commas between - xx, xx, xx, xx)

Genotypes: , ,

Phenotypes: ,

Question 3

The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of alleles located at the same spot on the chromosome would be called ___.

		segregation
		independent assortment
		continuous variation
		discontinuous variation

Question 4

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	PP_____________
-A.B.C.	Pp____________
-A.B.C.	pp_______________

A.	purple flowers
B.	purple flowers
C.	white flowers

Question 5

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog has black fur and the male dog is homozygous dominant. Make a Punnett square to determine the chance of getting each genotype and phenotype below.

-A.B.	Probability of GG:
-A.B.	Probability of Gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gray fur:
-A.B.	Probability of black fur:

A.	100
B.	0

Question 6

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	RR______________
-A.B.C.	Rr _____________
-A.B.C.	rr ____________

A.	round seeds
B.	wrinkled seeds
C.	round seeds

Question 7

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Hairy knuckles are dominant to non-hairy knuckles in humans.

-A.B.C.	HH_____________
-A.B.C.	Hh ___________
-A.B.C.	hh _________________

A.	non-hairy knuckles
B.	hairy knuckles
C.	hairy knuckles

Question 8

An allele is ___.

		one of the bases in DNA
		an alternate form of a gene
		another term for epistasis
		present only in males and is responsible for sex determination

Question 9

In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent (Rr x RR), what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring?

		Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominant
		Half round, half wrinkled
		All heterozygous
		All round

Question 10

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett Square depicting a dihybrid cross?

		1 x 4
		2 x 4
		4 x 4
		2 x 2

For each problem I need to know the following plus whateverspecifics the problem requests:

Key: (Which symbol stands for which allele) â Use the sameletter for a gene using a capital to designate dominant and lowercase to show recessive.

Parental genotypes

Possible gametes for each parent

The Punnett Square

1. In guinea pigs black coat color is dominant to brown coatcolor. A black guinea pig (from a long line of black guinea pigs)is bred to a brown guinea. If one of these offspring is then bredto a different brown guinea pig, what are the expected genotypesand phenotypes of their offspring?

2. In pea plants tall stems are dominant to short stems andpurple flowers are dominant to white flowers. A true breeding plantwith tall stems and white flowers is crossed with a true breedingplant having short stems and purple flowers. The offspring fromthis cross are grown up and allowed to interbreed. What are theexpected genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

3. In dogs, black is dominant to golden. You have a blackLabrador retriever you would like to stand at stud, but first youwant to know if it is homozygous black or heterozygous. You make atestcross to determine this. What are the expected genotypes andphenotypes if your dog is heterozygous? If it is homozygous?

4. Color-blindness is X-linked in humans. A color-blind manmarries a woman whose father was color-blind. What are the expectedgenotypes and phenotypes of their children?

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BIOLOGY 2C03 Lecture Notes - Punnett Square, Coin Flipping, Mutual Exclusivity

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