BSC 2010C Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Morphine, Endorphins, Octet Rule
Document Summary
92 naturally occurring elements, 25 are essential to life. H, n, c, o make up 96% of living matter. Trace elements are required in small amounts. Definition - elements cant be broken down to any other substance by a chemical reaction. Valence bonding capacity of an atom, known as the number of electrons. Valence electrons number of unpaired electrons in outermost orbital (valence shell), known as number of electrons there. Octet rule 8 electrons to obtain stability, one exception is h (only needs two) 3 types of bonds: covalent share electrons. Polar covalent partial charge formed, unequal, charged. Nonpolar covalent shared equally, no charge. Polar covalent in between atoms of a molecule. They can become radioactive when they have same number of protons and electrons, but differ in number of neutrons. Analog fit into same receptor, but have different functions (like endorphins and morphine)
