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Role of water: everything in an animal is an aqueous environment. Office hours: s563a, brunt@utsc. utoronto. ca, open door policy, tuesday 10-11 / 3-4, wednesday 4-5 thursday 11-12, appointment. Grade breakdown: participation, 7, midterm one, 21, midterm two, 30, final exam, 42% Final exam: cumulative in concepts, but not specifically testing topics before midterm two, testing cumulative in concept, but not content lecture based, emphasis on particular slides. Introduction to biochemistry: chemistry of living things, enzymes and biological systems, proteins involved in structure and function of processes, fields involved (multidisciplinary, cell and molecular, thermochemistry, organic, genetics, emphasis on, biology point of view, chemistry. Bond energies: amount of energy require to break non-covalent bonds are very small. Bonds: covalent bonds, strongest type of bonds, e. g. c-c, non-covalent bonds, electrostatic, hydrogen, van der waals. Order can flip between electrostatic and hydrogen bonds in terms of strength: van der waals forces are the weakest, strength of the non-covalent bond between electrostatic and hydrogen varies.

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