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BIOL273 Study Guide - Final Guide: Resting Potential, Membrane Potential, Dendritic Cell

606 views37 pages
browncheetah450
16 Oct 2011
School
University of Waterloo
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL273
Professor
Bruce Wolff

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Document Summary

The methods of communicating through the cell: nervous system, endocrine system. The cytoplasm of the nerve cells has a negative charge in comparison to the extracellular fluid (ecf) Ions concentrated in ecf (plasma, interstitial fluid): ca++, na+, cl- Ions concentrated in cytoplasm of nerve cells (intracellular fluid): k+ and organic metabolites. Maintained by two factors: na+ and k+ are actively transported across the cell membrane, ca++, cl-, k+ can cross the membrane, harder for proteins and large organic molecules to cross (large, negatively charged) In neurons the resting membrane potential (rmp) is -70mv. K+ can cross the membrane: k+ leaks out of cell because of higher levels of concentration in the cell, goes down concentration gradient. Inside of cell becomes negatively charged -70mv to -90mv: draws back the k+ into the cell, until it reaches equilibrium. Na+ can cross the membrane: na+ leaks into the cell because of higher concentration outside of the cell.

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Related Questions

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential? A. The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and Na+ions. B. The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump. C. In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential. D. The resting membrane potential is maintained by solely by passive transport processes.

You are working with a neurotransmitter, that when bound to its receptor, will open Cl- channels in the cell membrane of nerve cells. The extracellular Cl- concentration is O.1 M, the intracellular Cl- is 0.01, and Ecl- is -55mV. When the neurotransmitter binds to its receptor and the Cl- channels open...

A) which direction (into or out of the cell) will Cl- flow if acted on ONLY by its concentration gradient

B) which direction (into or out of the cell) will Cl- flow if acted on ONLY by its electrical gradient

C) which direction (into or out of the cell) will Cl- flow, if acted on BOTH gradients ( which gradient is stronger and how did you determine this? How will this change the resting membrane potential?

(1) What would be thelikely outcome if an increase in both intracellular sodium ionlevels and extracellular potassium ion levels were tooccur?

A: The Na+-K+ pump would accelerate because it needs to restorethe membrane's resting concentration gradient.

B: The Na+-K+ pump would slow down because it needs to restorethe membrane's concentration gradient.

C: Sodium and Potassium ions would be pumped out of thecell.

D: Sodium and Potassium ions would increase their movement inboth directions across the cell membrane.

(2) Due to the unequal transport of sodium and potassiumions by the Na-K pump, a membrane potential isgenerated.

True or False

(3) If a pump moves 3 positive ions out and 2 positiveions in against their concentration gradients, the membranepotential in the cell will become more positive.

True or False