MGEC62H3 Chapter 2: Chapter 2 Notes
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Tij = a yi yj / dij. Tij = a ya i yb j / dc ij. The gravity model relates the trade between any two countries to the sizes of their economies. Using the gravity model also reveals the strong effects of distance and international borders even friendly borders like that between the us and canada in discouraging trade. International trade is at record levels relative to the size of the world economy, thanks to falling costs of transportation and communications. However, trade has not grown in a straight line: the world was highly integrated in 1914, but trade was greatly reduced by depression, protectionism, and war, and took decades to recover: manufactured goods dominate modern trade today.