BCH447H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Genetic Drift, Cytochrome C, Mutation Rate
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Natural selection is much more likely to dominate in a large population than a small population because in a small population the chances are higher for a gene to be lost and not fixed. All mutations have to survive the first initial stage. When they are first provided to one individual. But the chance of something being lost through random genetic drift is the same in initiall stages but decreases over time in a larger population. Regardless of the population size, the beneficial mutation must reach a certain threshold before it is immune to loss. This threshold is higher in a smaller population. Natural selection is actually favoured in larger populations and disfavoured in smaller ones. Genetic drift is more likely to cause loss of a beneficial mutation in small populations and less likely to do the same in larger ones. This does not mean that drift doesn"t happen in population.
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