BIO 1140 Study Guide - Final Guide: Reading Frame, Repressor, Chromatin

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peartortoise481

10 Jul 2014

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Bio 1140 final study notes: ( from textbook only) go over lecture notes. Replication: dna is duplicated by semi conservative replication. 2 strands of a parental dna molecule unwind and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary copy. Several enzymes are involved in dna replication: helicase- unwinds the dna. Primase- synthesizes the dna (used as starting point for nucleotide assembly by dna. Polymerases: dna polymerases- assemble nucleotides into a chain one at a time(complementary to sequence of bases in the template strand, removes primers and fills in resulting gaps, dna ligase- closes the remaining single chain-nicks. Ends of eukaryotic chromosomes: consist of telomeres, telomeres- short sequences repeated hundreds thousands of times. Provide a buffer against chromosome shortening during replication: most somatic cells show chromosome shortening. Some do not due to telomerase enzyme that adds telomere repeats to chromosome ends. Dna synthesis: begins at sites that act as replication origins.

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1. During DNA replication, proteins unwind the DNA duplex, and separate the DNA strands. Those proteins include:

a.) DNA polymerase and ligase

b.) Single-stranded DNA binding and protein primase

c.) Helicase and DNA polymerase

d.) Helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein

2. What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

a.) The particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction

b.) The relative amounts of the four nucleotide triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, and TTP) in the cell

c.) The nucleotide sequence of the template strand

d.) The primase used in the reaction

e.) Both A and D

3. The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

a.) The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

b.) The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3â hydroxyl (OH) end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5â phosphate (PO4) end.

c.) The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

d.) Both A and B

e.) Both A and C

Order the following steps of the DNA replication process fromfirst to last. (From 1 to 8)

DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragmments together

Elongation of leading strands occurs continuosly and elongationof lagging strands occurs via generation of Okazaki fragments. Bothare synthesized in 5' to 3' direction.

DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them withDNA nucleotides

DNA polymerase III starts adding DNA nucleotides to the 3' endof the existing RNA chain.

Helicase untwists the double helix at the replication fork

Single-stranded binding proteins bind the unpaired DNA strands,keeping them from re-pairing.

Topoisomerase helps releive the strain caused by DNA untwisting.It breaks, swivels and rejoins DNA strands.

Primase starts a complementary RNA chain using parental DNAstrand as a template

lilacgoose192

Which of the following are required for DNA replication by DNA polymerase?

A. Template strand

B. Short, complementary primer strand

C. 5'-dXTPs

D. 3'-dXTPs

E. Answers (A) and (C)

F. Answers (A) and (D)

G. Answers (A), (B), and (C)

H. Answers (A), (B), and (D)

Which of the following are reasons why DNA replication must be discontinuous?

A. The complementary strands have opposite polarity

B. Only 5'-dXTPs are available in cells

C. DNA polymerase only adds 5-'dXTPs to 3'-OH ends

D. All the above

E. Answers (A) and (C)

F. Answers (B) and (C)

G. Answers (A) and (B)

Which of the following are roles of RNA polymerases in DNA replication?

A. RNA polymerase (primase) initiates replication at the origin

B. RNA polymerase synthesizes the primers for Okazaki fragments

C. Both (A) and (B)

D. Neither (A), nor (B)

Which of the following statements describes the activity of DNA polymerase?

A. DNA polymerase adds 3â-dXTPs to the 5â-OH terminus of the primer
B. DNA polymerase adds 5'-dXTPs to the 3â-OH terminus of the primer
C. DNA polymerase adds 5â-dXTPs to the 3â-phosphate terminus of the primer
D. DNA polymerase adds 3â-dXTPs to the 5â-phosphate terminus of the primer

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BIO 1140 Study Guide - Final Guide: Reading Frame, Repressor, Chromatin

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