HIST 1010 Chapter 13: Textbook Notes - Chapter 13
1 Dec 2011
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History chapter 13: european state consolidation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The seven provinces that became the united provinces of the netherlands emerged as a nation after revolting against spain in 1572. The united provinces supported religious toleration and republican government. The constitutional crisis in england that followed elizabeth"s reign and continued until the end of the seventeenth century had a lasting impact on western political life. This struggle cost charles i his head, and in the end, Oliver cromwell reinstated executive authority, though under a different title and only with military backing. With the death of oliver cromwell in 1658, charles i"s son charles ii ascended the bloodstained throne with parliamentary sanction and initiated the stuart restoration. James ii confirmed the family"s catholic sympathies, parliament quickly and peacefully dispatched james and called upon his son-in-law and daughter, william of orange and mary, to be the sovereigns of england.
