BIOL 1070 Study Guide - Final Guide: Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, Local Extinction

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blueelephant164

5 Dec 2011

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Document Summary

Adaptation is a characteristic that enhances the survival and/or reproduction of organisms that bear it, relative to alternative (especially ancestral) character states. Adaptation is a physical, physiological, behavioural, or other characteristic evolved through natural selection. Mutation (the origin of new genetic variation), genetic drift (changes due to chance, specifically founder effects and population bottlenecks), and gene flow (movement of genes among populations) are mechanisms of evolution. Natural selection is non-random differences in survival and/or reproduction among individual entities on the basis of differences in heritable characteristics. There are many kinds of barriers that can block gene flow and therefore contribute to the origin of new species. Gene flow is the movement of genes from one population to another. Ecological specializations such as eating different foods can cause a population to split and cease sharing genes. __3__ alternate (i. e. , different and mutually exclusive) forms. __4__ the set of genes possessed by an organism.

Related Questions

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

1.Give anexample of each of the following;

a.Vestigial structureâ

b.Homologous structureâ

c.Homoplastic structureâ

2.What is natural selection andwhat are Darwinâs mechanisms for natural selection? Be specific andthorough.

3.How do the following differ:directional selection, stabilizing selection, and disruptiveselection?

4.Pick one of thefollowing and thoroughly explain: gene flow,founderâseffect, genetic bottleneck, or naturalselection.

5.If a population of 1000individuals has 160aa genotypes, 480Aagenotypes, and360 AA genotypes, the allelefrequency of the dominant allele (A) is:

6. Fill inthe table.

Category	Contributes to EvolutionaryChanges (yes or no)
Naturalselection
GeneFlow
Neutralvariations
Random mating
Mutation
Geneticdrift

7. Fill inthe table with the reproductive isolating mechanisms beingdescribed:

Reproductive IsolatingMechanism	How It Works
	Similar species have structuraldifferences in their reproductive organs.
	Interspecific hybrid dies atearly stage of embryonic development
	Gametes of similar species arechemically incompatible.
	Offspring of interspecifichybrid are unable to reproduce.
	Similar species reproduce atdifferent times.
	Interspecific hybrid survivesto adulthood but is unable to reproduce successfully
	Similar species havedistinctive courtship behaviors.

8.Zeamaysis thescientific name of the corn plant. Zeais the ____________name.

A.âclass

B.âdivision

C.âgenus

D.âordinal

E.âspecies

9.Shared ancestral characters mayalso be called:

A.âheteroplasticcharacters.

B.âsynapomorphiccharacters.

C.âpleisomorphiccharacters.

D.âoutgroups.

E.âpheneticcharacters.

10.Contrast the following terms:monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic. Provide one examplefor each.

11.Which of the followingclassification systems is being described: cladistic,classical evolution, phenetic system.?

__________âSimilarities of manycharacters

__________âShared derivedcharacters

__________âSharedancestral characters and sharedcharacters.

tealgoat796

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.