PHLB35H3 Lecture : Rationalism, Spinoza
Document Summary
The argument for this view is straightforward, given the arguments we"ve already seen. Ip15: everything that exists is in god (p. 134): P1) every existing mode is in a substance. P2) god is the only substance that exists. P3) everything that exists is either a substance or a mode. Not only do particular things depend on god as modes on substance, but they follow necessarily from god"s nature. Spinoza says that infinite things in infinite ways follows from god"s nature (ip16; p. 137). The finite modes of thinking substance are individual ideas or minds, the finite modes of extended substance are individual bodies. These finite modes don"t each follow from god"s nature directly, but rather together as a group (made up of an infinite number of modes). That is, there is no first finite mode in either thought or extension that begins the chain.
